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Talking Points. Why is it important to have advocacy groups involved in building inclusive policy systems? What does experience to date with the inclusion of such groups teach us ? A dvocacy groups = commercial private sector, civil society (NGOs, farmers’ organisations etc )
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Talking Points • Why is it important to have advocacy groups involved in building inclusive policy systems? • What does experience to date with the inclusion of such groups teach us? Advocacy groups = commercial private sector, civil society (NGOs, farmers’ organisations etc) Experience: PRSPs, MDG consultations, CAADP, national planning frameworks (e.g. Ghana) …
Theory of advocacy group involvement • Better information for planning • Accountability for delivery Context = “autonomous” African states (van de Walle 2001)
Information for Planning • Need for information: central state may have limited information on • Agricultural realities around the country • Needs of the private sector • Demand for information only if • Strong political pressures to deliver ag. growth (critical to government survival), e.g. Rwanda • “owned” commitment to pluralistic policy, e.g. Ghana • Otherwise, involvement of advocacy groups is largely “box ticking”
Impediments to Effective Participation • The following impediments have to be overcome even where governments do desire better information: • Mutual suspicion: gov-private sector-civil society • Private sector and civil society are both fragmented and with divergent interests • Representative organisations for private sector and civil society are weak (latter may lack both resources and understanding of policy process)
Accountability • Participation is in government’s “gift”: • who participates and who does not • govcontrols agenda, e.g. when are views sought? • Views may be heard then ignored • Advocacy groups have little leverage over governments: • Formal private sector contribution to employment and budgets (c/w US/Europe) • Few, if any, programmatic political parties representing business agenda • No rural social movements • Rural votes not exchanged for agricultural policies