English for Public Administration

1. English for Public Administration Revision

2. Family Law: Exercise • Below are the main areas that Family Law covers. Write one area above each text: • Adoption, Child Custody, Children’s Rights, Divorce, Estate Planning, Estates and Trusts, Insurance, Marriage

3. Exercise • 1. ____The process by which a legal parent-child relationship is created between individuals not biologically parent and child. • 2. ____The parents of a child born within a marriage are joint guardians of that child and the rights of both parents are equal

4. Exercise • 3. _____Children are generally afforded the basic rights embodied by the constitution • 4. _____As a result of this both parties’ status becomes single again. • 5. ______The process by which an individual or family arranges the transfer of assets in anticipation of death

5. Exercise • 6. ___Generally, a trust is a right in property (real or personal) which is held in a fiduciary relationship by one party for the benefit of another. The trustee is the one who holds title to the trust property, and the beneficiary is the person who receives the benefits of the trust.

6. Exercise • 7. ____ While types vary widely, their primary goal is to allocate the risks of a loss from the individual to a great number of people. • 8. ____ A contract based upon a voluntary private agreement by a man and a woman to become husband and wife.

7. Fillinthemissingwords: attitude, Commission, consent, lawyer, marriage, nullity, voidable • Many see a stronger case for including __marriage within divorce even though the Law___, nearly 30 years ago, decided against such recommendation (___of Marriage), giving several reasons in support of this ___. Although the conceptual divide may no longer mean much to the ___ , it remains essential to the Christian Church, which attaches particular importance to___as a prerequisite to___.

8. Key • Many see a stronger case for including voidable marriage within divorce even though the Law Commission, nearly 30 years ago, decided against such recommendation (Nullity of Marriage), giving several reasons in support of this attitude. Although the conceptual divide may no longer mean much to the lawyer, it remains essential to the Christian Church, which attaches particular importance to consent as a prerequisite to marriage.

9. assets, draft, estate, testament • A last will and ___is a legal document that declares how an ___or property will be managed after the writer’s death. Although it is not the most pleasant subject to approach, it is essential for people to ___a will to ensure that their ___are handled in a satisfying way.

10. Key • A last will and testament is a legal document that declares how an estate or property will be managed after the writer’s death. Although it is not the most pleasant subject to approach, it is essential for people to draft a will to ensure that their assets are handled in a satisfying way.

11. investments, minor, party, property • For those with __children, it is crucial to declare how ___or money will be used to provide for these children. For those with ___or accumulated savings, it is important to state the name a responsible ___ who will manage these funds.

12. Key • For those with minor children, it is crucial to declare how property or money will be used to provide for these children. For those with investments or accumulated savings, it is important to state the name a responsible party who will manage these funds.

13. beneficiaries, donations, debts, executor • Generally, a last will and testament should contain the name of an ___, information relating to one’s burial, payment of any___, any charitable___, bequests to ___and the list of the powers of the executor.

14. Key • Generally, a last will and testament should contain the name of an executor, information relating to one’s burial, payment of any debts, any charitable donations, bequests to beneficiaries and the list of the powers of the executor

15. revokes, testator, validity, will witnesses • Additionally, a will must be typed or printed, signed by the maker, or ___and signed by ___who can attest to the ___ of the document. A __must state that the testator ___any previous wills or amendments to such previous wills.

16. Key • Additionally, a will must be typed or printed, signed by the maker, or testator, and signed by witnesses who can attest to the validity of the document. A will must state that the testator revokes any previous wills or amendments to such previous wills.

17. capacity, demonstrate duress, testator • The ___must demonstrate that the document was not created under ___or provocation. In other words, the testator must ___that the will was created willingly and freely by an individual with the mental___ to do so.

18. Key • The testator must demonstrate that the document was not created under duress or provocation. In other words, the testator must demonstrate that the will was created willingly and freely by an individual with the mental capacity to do so.

19. beneficiaries, debts,executing, party, probate • The will must name the ___or parties responsible for ___ the document under the supervision of the ___court. The will should name any ___and their entitlements. In addition, the will should explain how any outstanding ___will be paid.

20. Key • The will must name the party or parties responsible for executing the document under the supervision of the probate court. The will should name any beneficiaries and their entitlements. In addition, the will should explain how any outstanding debts will be paid.

21. Put theverbsinbracketsintoappropriateforms • In key respects, the Court___(resemble) a national supreme court. It____(act) as a constitutional court, _____(define) the balance of powers_____(exercise) by the member states and those exercised by the Community institutions. It ___(rule) upon the extent and limits to the powers of the institutions, and ___(maintain) the system of balances between them.

22. It also ___(act) as a supreme administrative court, ____(review) the legality of acts of the other institutions. Since the establishment of the CFI, the ECJ ___(have) the role of a traditional appellate court.

23. Key • In key respects, the Court resembles a national supreme court. It acts as a constitutional court, defining the balance of powers exercised by the member states and those exercised by the Community institutions. It rules upon the extent and limits to the powers of the institutions, and maintains the system of balances between them.

24. Key • It also acts as a supreme administrative court, reviewing the legality of acts of the other institutions. Since the establishment of the CFI, the ECJ hashad the role of a traditional appellate court.

25. Fillinthemissingwords: binding, cases, court, interpretation, preliminary, refer • A reference for a __ruling allows the courts and tribunals of the Member States, in __which have been brought before them, to __questions to the Court of Justice about the __ of European Union law or the validity of a European Union act. The Court of Justice does not decide the dispute itself. It is for the national __or tribunal to dispose of the case in accordance with the Court’s decision, which is similarly ___ on other national courts or tribunals before which a similar issue is raised.

26. Key • A reference for a preliminaryruling allows the courts and tribunals of the Member States, in disputes which have been brought before them, to refer questions to the Court of Justice about the interpretation of European Union law or the validity of a European Union act. The Court of Justice does not decide the dispute itself. It is for the national court or tribunal to dispose of the case in accordance with the Court’s decision, which is similarly binding on other national courts or tribunals before which a similar issue is raised.

27. Exercise: What is a contract? • Complete the text using the following: agreement, breach, capacity, consideration, damages, fraud, illegal, obligation, oral, performance, property, signed, terms

28. agreement, breach, capacity, consideration, damages, fraud, illegal, obligation, oral, performance, property, signed, terms • It is an agreement that creates a binding ____ upon the parties. The essentials of a contract are as follows: mutual ____; a legal ____which in most instances need not be financial; parties who have legal ____to make a contract; absence of ____or duress; and a subject matter that is not ____or against public policy.

29. agreement, breach, capacity, consideration, damages, fraud, illegal, obligation, oral, performance, property, signed, terms • In general, contracts may be either ___or written. Certain types of contracts, however, in order to be enforceable, must be written and ____. These include contracts involving the sale and transfer of _____.

30. agreement, breach, capacity, consideration, damages, fraud, illegal, obligation, oral, performance, property, signed, terms • In case of a ____of contract, the injured party may go to court to sue for financial compensation (or ____), or for rescission, for injunction, or for specific performance of financial compensation would not compensate for the breach. Specific____of a contract is the right by one contracting party to have the other contracting party perform the contract according to the precise___ agreed

31. Introduction to Company Law: Exercise • Complete the text by using the following words: agreements, borrow, corporations, court, debts, dividends, employees, legal, legislation, liability, limited, objectives, partnership, profits, property, registered (x2), shareholders, sole trader, sue

32. agreements, borrow, corporations, court, debts, dividendsemployees, legal, legislation, liability, limited, objectives, partnership, profits, property, registered (x2), shareholders, sole trader, sue • A company is a ___entity, allowed by ___, which permits a group of people, as___, to create an organization, which can then focus on pursuing set____. It is empowered with legal rights which are usually only reserved for individuals, such as the right to____and be sued, own____, hire____ or loan and ____money.

33. agreements, borrow, corporations, court, debts, dividendsemployees, legal, legislation, liability, limited, objectives, partnership, profits, property, registered (x2), shareholders, sole trader, sue • The primary advantage of a company structure is that it provides the shareholders with a right to participate in the_____, a proportionate distribution of profits made in the form of a money payment to shareholders, without any personal____.

34. agreements, borrow, corporations, court, debts, dividendsemployees, legal, legislation, liability, limited, objectives, partnership, profits, property, registered (x2), shareholders, sole trader, sue • There are various forms of legal business entities ranging from the____, who alone bears the risk and responsibility of running a business, taking the profits, but as such not forming any association in law and thus not regulated by special rules of law, to the____company with ___liability and to multinational ____.

35. agreements, borrow, corporations, court, debts, dividendsemployees, legal, legislation, liability, limited, objectives, partnership, profits, property, registered (x2), shareholders, sole trader, sue • In a ____, members ‘associate’, forming collectively an association in which they all participate in management and sharing____, bearing the liability for the firm’s _____and being sued jointly and severally in relation to the firm’s contracts or tortious acts.

36. agreements, borrow, corporations, court, debts, dividendsemployees, legal, legislation, liability, limited, objectives, partnership, profits, property, registered (x2), shareholders, sole trader, sue • Limited-liability companies, or corporations, unlike partnerships, are formed not simply by____entered into between their first members; they must also be_____at a public office or _____designated by law or otherwise obtain official acknowledgement of their existence.

37. Supplytheappropriateterm • A declaration that a marriage was never legally valid • Annulment • Relationship by blood • Consanguinity • Without legal force; null • void

38. Supplytheappropriateterm • Rights and responsibilities that parents have in relation to a child • Custody • Pressure, especially actual or threatened physical force, put on a person to act in a particular way • duress

39. Supplytheappropriateterm • A false representation by means of a statement or conduct made knowingly or recklessly in order to gain material advantage • fraud

40. Supplytheappropriateterm • A document by which a person appoints executors to administer his estate after his death, and directs the manner in which it is to be distributed • Will • The property of a deceased person • Estate • One who is left something in a will • beneficiary

41. Supplytheappropriateterm • An officer of the European Court of Justice who summarizes and presents a case to the judges and assists them in coming to a decision • Advocate General • To give judgment, to decide a legal problem • adjudicate

42. Supplytheappropriateterm • Civil wrong • Tort • A legally binding agreement • Contract • An arrangement whereby one person holds title to and administers the property of another to the benefit of the other • trust

43. Supplytheappropriateterm • The failure to exercise ordinary care or caution under a particular set of circumstances; the failure to take reasonable care to avoid injury to others • Negligence • An unreasonable interference with a person’s use or enjoyment of property; whatsoever unlawfully annoys or damages another • nuisance

44. Supplytheappropriateterm • An unlawful or harmful entering of another’s property • Trespass • Words that tend to injure a person’s reputation • Defamation • Of, relating to, or implying a contract; bound or secured by a contract • contractual

45. Supplytheappropriateterm • The capacity of a corporation to have continuous enjoyment of its property so long as it is legally in existence; power by which a corporation continues despite chnges in its shareholder membershp • Perpetual succession • The liability for losses that is limited to the amount an investor or shareholder invests in the corporation • Limited liability

46. Supplytheappropriateterm • Business owned by one person • Sole proprietorship • Association of two or more persons as co-owners to carry on a business for profit • Partnership • Artificial person created under law and empowered to achieve a specific purpose • corporation

47. Supplytheappropriateterm • A constitutional doctrine that gives to a court system, especially to a supreme court, the power to annul legislative or executive acts which the judges declare are contrary to the provisions of the constitution • Judicial review

48. Supplytheappropriateterm • A law made by councils, boards, corporations, and companies for regulation of their own local or internal affairs • By-law

49. Supplytheappropriateterm • An intentional or reckless act that causes someone to be put in fear of immediate physical harm.Actual physical contact is not necessary • Assault

50. Supplythetranslationequivalent • Podnositelj zahtjeva za razvod braka • Petitioner • Tuženi supružnik (u brakorazvodnoj parnici) • Respondent • Tužbeni zahtjev • petition