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20.3 – The Atlantic Slave Trade

Explore the causes, horrors of the Middle Passage, and far-reaching consequences of the Transatlantic Slave Trade that shaped Africa and the Americas, including resistance and the impact on cultures.

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20.3 – The Atlantic Slave Trade

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  1. 20.3 – The Atlantic Slave Trade

  2. Causes: Africa • Slavery had existed for centuries • Islam leads to rise/expansion of slavery • Practice of selling non-Muslims into slavery • 650-1600: 17 million • Slaves have some legal rights: • Own property, become generals, etc.

  3. Demand • Colonization = death of Native Americans = demand for labor = Africans as slaves • Advantages: • Exposure to European diseases • Experience in farming = plantation work • Unfamiliar w/ the land • Skin color • Demand = Atlantic Slave Trade • Spain & Portugal lead the way • Brazil = Sugar Plantations

  4. Spread: England • More colonies = more slaves • England grows to dominate trade • 1690-1807: 1.7m slaves • Transport slaves to the Caribbean = sugar & cotton • 400k sent to America = slave population grows steadily • 2m+ by 1830

  5. Triangular Trade • Trade of slaves = one leg of Atlantic Trade • Triangular Trade: • 1) European manufactured goods to West Africa • 2) Slaves exchanged & sent to Americas • 3) Sugar, coffee, & tobacco back to Europe • Perfect trade system = great wealth

  6. Triangular Trade

  7. Middle Passage • Voyage from Africa to the Americas • Middle leg of triangle • Cruelty: • Africans packed tightly in dark holds • Whippings, beatings, disease • Many die from disease & abuse, or commit suicide • Est: 20% die during voyage

  8. Harsh Life • Slaves auctioned off to the highest bidder • Families split up • Work in mines, plantations, or as servants • Grueling existence: • Little food, long hours, dirty huts, beatings • Lifelong & hereditary

  9. Resistance • Resistance: • Work slow, damage tools, run away, etc. • Rebellion: • Become more frequent as time passes = all places • 1739: Stono Rebellion = South Carolina • 1803-4: Haitian Revolution • Coping w/ life: • Sing songs, tell stories, & keep culture alive

  10. Consequences • Africa: • Cultures lose generations of able young people • Families torn apart • Guns introduced to continent • Americas: • Colonies survive, become profitable • New culture created: Art, music, religion, language, food • Populations: United States, Brazil, Caribbean

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