Topic: Artificial Transmutations- Fission and Fusion

1. Topic: Artificial Transmutations- Fission and Fusion • Do Now:

2. Artificial Transmutation • Cause it to happen by smashing particles into one another • 2 terms on reactant side • Original Isotope • Particle that hits it • neutron, proton, or -particle • Product side: usually 2 terms

3. 15 0 “Bullet” -what hits isotope Artificial Transmutation 27Al + 4He  30P + 1n 13 2 Original isotope or target nucleus

4. Bombarding with Protons or  • Protons and -particles have positive charge and mass • do some damage when hit target nucleus • must be accelerated to high speeds to overcome repulsive forces between nucleus & particle (both are +)

5. 2 15 0 13 1 2 8 7 2 35 0 33 0 17 Artificial Transmutation 27Al + 4He 30P + 1n All of these equations have 2 reactants! 14N + 4He 17O + 1H 75As + 4He 78Br + 1n 37Cl + 1n 38Cl 17

6. Artificial Transmutation • Why should we even care to learn about artificial transmutation?

7. FissionReaction (fission = division) • Involvessplitting heavy nucleus into 2 lighter nuclei

8. 56 0 36 92 235U + 1n 72Zn + 160Sm + 4 1n + energy 30 0 92 Fission 235U + 1n 91Kr + 142Ba + 31n + energy 0 62 0 small amount mass is converted to energy by E = mc2

9. Fission Chain Reaction

10. Fission Chain Reaction Controlled – nuclear reactor • Uncontrolled • – bomb

11. 2 0 Fusion • nuclei unite – must be small like H or He 2H + 3H 4He + 1n + energy 1 1 • Source of sun’s energy