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Topic: Artificial Transmutations- Fission and Fusion

Understand artificial transmutation by smashing particles to create new elements. Explore fission, fusion reactions, and why they matter. Learn about artificial transmutation processes, fusion energy, and fission chain reactions.

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Topic: Artificial Transmutations- Fission and Fusion

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  1. Topic: Artificial Transmutations- Fission and Fusion • Do Now:

  2. Artificial Transmutation • Cause it to happen by smashing particles into one another • 2 terms on reactant side • Original Isotope • Particle that hits it • neutron, proton, or -particle • Product side: usually 2 terms

  3. 15 0 “Bullet” -what hits isotope Artificial Transmutation 27Al + 4He  30P + 1n 13 2 Original isotope or target nucleus

  4. Bombarding with Protons or  • Protons and -particles have positive charge and mass • do some damage when hit target nucleus • must be accelerated to high speeds to overcome repulsive forces between nucleus & particle (both are +)

  5. 2 15 0 13 1 2 8 7 2 35 0 33 0 17 Artificial Transmutation 27Al + 4He 30P + 1n All of these equations have 2 reactants! 14N + 4He 17O + 1H 75As + 4He 78Br + 1n 37Cl + 1n 38Cl 17

  6. Artificial Transmutation • Why should we even care to learn about artificial transmutation?

  7. FissionReaction (fission = division) • Involvessplitting heavy nucleus into 2 lighter nuclei

  8. 56 0 36 92 235U + 1n 72Zn + 160Sm + 4 1n + energy 30 0 92 Fission 235U + 1n 91Kr + 142Ba + 31n + energy 0 62 0 small amount mass is converted to energy by E = mc2

  9. Fission Chain Reaction

  10. Fission Chain Reaction Controlled – nuclear reactor • Uncontrolled • – bomb

  11. 2 0 Fusion • nuclei unite – must be small like H or He 2H + 3H 4He + 1n + energy 1 1 • Source of sun’s energy

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