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Electric Current

Electric current in circuits involves moving charges, which can flow in controlled or uncontrolled paths. Current is the rate of charge passing through a point in a wire per second. Learn how to calculate current and charge in electrical systems with practical examples.

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Electric Current

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  1. Electric Current Electric current consists of moving electric charges.

  2. They can be moving in an uncontrolled path, such as in a lightening strike, or in a controlled once, such as any kind of electric circuit.

  3. Electrical current is the amount of charge that passes a point in a conducting wire every second. The symbol for current is Iand the units areamperes (A). I = Q current =charge moving past a point t time

  4. The symbol for charge is Q and the units are coulombs (C). • One coulomb is equal to 6.0 x 1018 electrons. • For this equation to work the time must be measured in seconds.

  5. Example A • If 240 C of charge pass a point in a conductor in 5 min, what is the current through that point in the conductor? Given Q = 240 C t = 5.0 min Convert 5 min to seconds 5.0min X 60s/1 min = 300s I = Q = 240C = 0.80 A t 300s

  6. Example B • If a radio used 0.4 amps and is run over 10 minute period what is the charge that passes through it? Given I = 0.4 A 10 minutes Convert 10 min to sec. 10.0 min x 60s/1min = 600s Q = I t = (0.4 A) (600s) = 240 C

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