Introduction to Counseling: Goals, Stages & Types

1. Counseling An Introduction By:- Rajeeve Ranjan

2. “Love All, Serve All. Help Ever, Hurt Never”.

3. Chapter Review • General Meaning of Counseling • Historical Development of Counseling • Goals of Counseling • Stages of Counseling Process • General Types of Counseling :- • Crisis Counseling • Facilitative Counseling • Preventive Counseling • Developmental Counseling • General Responses of Counselor

4. General Meaning of Counseling • An interactive process • Unique relationship –leads to change in the client in • one or more of the following areas • Behavior • Beliefs • Level of emotional distress . • A professional relationship :- • Counselee- needs assistance & Counselor- trained and • educated to give this assistance . • One to one relationship- • an individual unable to cope alone, • a professional trained and qualified to help others.

5. Mutual exchange of information. • Relationship- warmth, permissiveness, • understanding, acceptance ect. • Dynamic and purposeful targets. • Confidential relationship

6. Historical Development of Counseling • Shrimadbhagawat Gita by Krishna to Arjun • Ancient Greek philosophers, such as Plato, Aristotle, • formulated concept of counseling, which dealt • with the interaction of people with one another and • their environment.

7. Goals of Counseling • Resolving Client Problems. • Facilitating Client Potential • & Development. • Enhancing the client’s • potential & ability to cope. • Promoting the decision • making process.

8. Stages of Counseling Process • Problem identification and relationship establishment • Exploration and analysis • Implementation • Termination

9. Stages of Counseling Process • 1- Problem identification & relationship establishment: • Developing a helping relationship, • Helping the client to state concerns, problems or reasons for seeking assistance, • Determining the extent to which beneficial help can be given, • Defining the structure and conditions of the helping relationship.

10. 2- Exploration and analysis • Each problem area • Specify client problem • Analyze each problem in term of variables that influence or maintain it. • Determine the severity of client problems. • Arrange client problems in terms of priorities; which problem will be worked first. • Recognize and deal effectively with transference, counter transference and resistance.

11. 3- Implementation :- • Implementing procedures that resolve client problems, • Helping the client take constructive actions, • Gather needed information about self (interest, aptitude, personality characteristics…)

12. 4- Termination • the counselor may approach the issue directly. • 2.“If the client feels that goals have been achieved to his or • her satisfaction, a tentative date for termination may be set”. • 3. The mechanisms of termination usually involve one or more steps: • When both client & counselor agree that termination is • desirable, a tentative date Is set. • The counselor may want to space out the last few • sessions to see how client fare utilizing their own resources. • It is desirable to make arrangements for follow-up with clients.

13. General Types of Counseling • Crisis Counseling – Immediate • Facilitative Counseling – Various- short to long • Preventive Counseling- Specific time span • Developmental Counseling – Continuous

14. Crisis Counseling Possible concerns • Suicide attempts, • Unwanted pregnancy, • Death of one, Divorce, • Hospitalization, • Job relocation , • Loss of job, • Retirement, • New family member, • Imprisonment, • Infidelity, • Drug addiction or • Financial problems

15. Crisis Counseling Possible counselor activities • Personal support, • Direct intervention, • Gather additional support, • Individual counseling , or • Refer to appropriate clinic or agency.

16. Facilitative Counseling Possible concerns • Choosing academic options, • Planning a career, • Getting along with family member, • Fellow workers or classmates and • Identifying individual strengths, • Interest and aptitudes.

17. Facilitative Counseling Possible counselor activities • Individual counseling including: • Reflection of feelings , • Reflection of content, • Informing, • Interpreting, • Confronting, • Direct activities.

18. Preventive Counseling Possible concerns • Self awareness, • Future career choices and • Career preparation, • Drug awareness, • Retirement options, and • Communicating skills, • Future anxiety, • Sex education- • sexuality & sexual relationship

19. Preventive Counseling Possible counselor activities • Information giving, • Referral to relevant programs, • Individual counseling regarding • program content and process.

20. Developmental Counseling Possible concerns • Self understanding, • Improved decision making skills, • Positive behavior change, • Developing positive self concept, • Mid career change, • Acceptance of death and dying

21. Developmental Counseling Possible counselor activities Aiding values clarification, Reviewing decision making, Individual counseling regarding: personal development in conjunction with significant others and environmental placement

22. General Responses of Counselor • Attending • Paraphrasing • Reflection • Clarifying • Perception checking • Leading

23. Summarization • Approving • Confronting • Interpreting

24. The End