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Counseling. An Introduction. By:-. Rajeeve Ranjan. “Love All, Serve All. Help Ever, Hurt Never”. Chapter Review. General Meaning of Counseling Historical Development of Counseling Goals of Counseling Stages of Counseling Process General Types of Counseling :-
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Counseling An Introduction By:- Rajeeve Ranjan
“Love All, Serve All. Help Ever, Hurt Never”.
Chapter Review • General Meaning of Counseling • Historical Development of Counseling • Goals of Counseling • Stages of Counseling Process • General Types of Counseling :- • Crisis Counseling • Facilitative Counseling • Preventive Counseling • Developmental Counseling • General Responses of Counselor
General Meaning of Counseling • An interactive process • Unique relationship –leads to change in the client in • one or more of the following areas • Behavior • Beliefs • Level of emotional distress . • A professional relationship :- • Counselee- needs assistance & Counselor- trained and • educated to give this assistance . • One to one relationship- • an individual unable to cope alone, • a professional trained and qualified to help others.
Mutual exchange of information. • Relationship- warmth, permissiveness, • understanding, acceptance ect. • Dynamic and purposeful targets. • Confidential relationship
Historical Development of Counseling • Shrimadbhagawat Gita by Krishna to Arjun • Ancient Greek philosophers, such as Plato, Aristotle, • formulated concept of counseling, which dealt • with the interaction of people with one another and • their environment.
Goals of Counseling • Resolving Client Problems. • Facilitating Client Potential • & Development. • Enhancing the client’s • potential & ability to cope. • Promoting the decision • making process.
Stages of Counseling Process • Problem identification and relationship establishment • Exploration and analysis • Implementation • Termination
Stages of Counseling Process • 1- Problem identification & relationship establishment: • Developing a helping relationship, • Helping the client to state concerns, problems or reasons for seeking assistance, • Determining the extent to which beneficial help can be given, • Defining the structure and conditions of the helping relationship.
2- Exploration and analysis • Each problem area • Specify client problem • Analyze each problem in term of variables that influence or maintain it. • Determine the severity of client problems. • Arrange client problems in terms of priorities; which problem will be worked first. • Recognize and deal effectively with transference, counter transference and resistance.
3- Implementation :- • Implementing procedures that resolve client problems, • Helping the client take constructive actions, • Gather needed information about self (interest, aptitude, personality characteristics…)
4- Termination • the counselor may approach the issue directly. • 2.“If the client feels that goals have been achieved to his or • her satisfaction, a tentative date for termination may be set”. • 3. The mechanisms of termination usually involve one or more steps: • When both client & counselor agree that termination is • desirable, a tentative date Is set. • The counselor may want to space out the last few • sessions to see how client fare utilizing their own resources. • It is desirable to make arrangements for follow-up with clients.
General Types of Counseling • Crisis Counseling – Immediate • Facilitative Counseling – Various- short to long • Preventive Counseling- Specific time span • Developmental Counseling – Continuous
Crisis Counseling Possible concerns • Suicide attempts, • Unwanted pregnancy, • Death of one, Divorce, • Hospitalization, • Job relocation , • Loss of job, • Retirement, • New family member, • Imprisonment, • Infidelity, • Drug addiction or • Financial problems
Crisis Counseling Possible counselor activities • Personal support, • Direct intervention, • Gather additional support, • Individual counseling , or • Refer to appropriate clinic or agency.
Facilitative Counseling Possible concerns • Choosing academic options, • Planning a career, • Getting along with family member, • Fellow workers or classmates and • Identifying individual strengths, • Interest and aptitudes.
Facilitative Counseling Possible counselor activities • Individual counseling including: • Reflection of feelings , • Reflection of content, • Informing, • Interpreting, • Confronting, • Direct activities.
Preventive Counseling Possible concerns • Self awareness, • Future career choices and • Career preparation, • Drug awareness, • Retirement options, and • Communicating skills, • Future anxiety, • Sex education- • sexuality & sexual relationship
Preventive Counseling Possible counselor activities • Information giving, • Referral to relevant programs, • Individual counseling regarding • program content and process.
Developmental Counseling Possible concerns • Self understanding, • Improved decision making skills, • Positive behavior change, • Developing positive self concept, • Mid career change, • Acceptance of death and dying
Developmental Counseling Possible counselor activities Aiding values clarification, Reviewing decision making, Individual counseling regarding: personal development in conjunction with significant others and environmental placement
General Responses of Counselor • Attending • Paraphrasing • Reflection • Clarifying • Perception checking • Leading
Summarization • Approving • Confronting • Interpreting