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CH. 17-4 WILSON AND THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION

AMERICAN HISTORY. CH. 17-4 WILSON AND THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION. DICTATORSHIP SPARKS A REVOLUTION. USA drawn into the Mexican revolution in early 1900s because of economic ties Why did the revolution begin? THE DIAZ DICTATORSHIP 1877-1910—Dictator Porfirio Diaz ruled Mexico

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CH. 17-4 WILSON AND THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION

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  1. AMERICAN HISTORY CH. 17-4 WILSON AND THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION

  2. DICTATORSHIP SPARKS A REVOLUTION • USA drawn into the Mexican revolution in early 1900s because of economic ties • Why did the revolution begin? • THE DIAZ DICTATORSHIP • 1877-1910—Dictator Porfirio Diaz ruled Mexico • Diaz brought order to Mexico after years of war and unrest

  3. Order came with a price • Diaz jailed his opponents • He did not allow freedom of the press • He used the army to maintain peace at all cost • Diaz received money from foreign investors including many Americans • This money help Mexico modernize quickly

  4. Production of factory goods doubled • Railroads expanded • Cotton production doubled • Most Mexicans did not enjoy the benefits of modernization • Wealth was controlled foreign investors and a small Mexican elite • Most people lived in poverty and opposition to Diaz grew steadily

  5. OVERTHROWING DIAZ • 1910—Diaz runs for re-election • Diaz controlled the outcome • Just before the voting began, he jailed his opponent, Francisco Madero • When the votes were counted, Diaz claimed to have a million votes and Madero had less than 200 • Madero was released from jail in September 1910 and he promptly fled to Texas

  6. He proclaimed himself President and called for a revolution • Madero returned to Mexico in November • The Mexican Revolution started as a series of uprisings • In the south, Emiliano Zapata wanted land returned to native peoples • Francisco “Pancho” Villa and Pascual Orozco led a large-scale revolt against Diaz

  7. May 1911—Diaz resigned and went into exile in France • SHAKY LEADERSHIP • Nov 1911—Francisco Madero elected president of Mexico • He tried to establish democratic government • Commander of the Army, Victoriano Huerta, was not loyal to Madero

  8. 1913—Madero overthrown, imprisoned, and executed by Huerta • Huerta names himself president • Four armies rise up against Huerta

  9. THE UNITED STATES INTERVENES • US did not recognize Huerta’s government • 1914—President Wilson authorized arms sales to Huerta’s enemies • THE TAMPICO INCIDENT • April 9, 1914—9 members of the USS Dolphin go ashore at Tampico for supplies

  10. They are arrested by soldiers loyal to Huerta • The Americans were quickly released, unharmed, and Mexicans apologized • US Admiral Henry Mayo insisted that the Mexicans give the American flag a 21-gun salute within 24 hours • Huerta refused • Wilson asked Congress on April 20, 1914 to authorize the use of force against Mexico

  11. Congress approved on April 22, 1914 but some events were already occurring • OCCUPYING VERACRUZ • A German ship loaded with weapons for Huerta was headed for Veracruz • Wilson ordered the US Navy to seize the city • Under a naval bombardment, US Marines landed

  12. Mexicans fired on the Marines • 17 Americans and 300 Mexicans were killed at the BATTLE OF VERACRUZ • US troops occupied the city for 6 months • The crises was resolved through mediation by Argentina, Brazil, and Chile • June 1914—mediators call for Huerta’s resignation. He initially refused but pressure mounted against him • July 1914—Huerta resigned and fled to Spain

  13. THE REVOLUTION CONCLUDES • Venustiano Carranza declared himself leader of the Mexican Revolution in August 1914 • He was opposed by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata • Wilson decided to support the more moderate Carranza • Pancho Villa retaliated with violence • March 1916—Villa led hundreds of men across the US border into Columbus, NM

  14. Villa’s men burned the town and killed 17 Americans • This was the first armed invasion of the USA since the War of 1812 • PURSUING PANCHO VILLA • Wilson ordered the military to hunt down Villa • Gen. John J. Pershing led 10,000 men into Mexico

  15. They searched for 11 months but did not find Villa • September 1916—150,000 US National Guard troops were stationed along the Mexican border • Attention was beginning to shift to Europe where World War I was raging • January 1917—search for Villa was called off

  16. A NEW CONSTITUTION FOR MEXICO • December 1916—a constitutional convention called • February 5, 1917—new Mexican constitution goes into effect • It protected the liberties and rights of citizens • Fighting in Mexico continued until 1920 and their economy suffered • Agriculture was disrupted, mines were abandoned, factories destroyed

  17. Mexican men and women immigrated to America in search of work and a stable life. • THE END

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