Unit 10

1. Under the Volcano Unit 10 By Ivyriver 2006.10.8

2. Have you ever heard of something about the volcano?

3. What can you see when a volcano erupts?

4. Generally speaking, a volcano is any place on a planet where some material from the inside of the planet makes its way through to the planet's surface. Do you know how a volcano works?

5. What will be produced after the eruption of volcano? gas vapour水蒸气, carbon dioxide, nitrogen(氮),sulphur(硫磺), etc. solid bits of rock and volcanic ash, etc. liquid lava(熔岩)

6. Where does Vesuvius locate?

7. On the eastern shore of the Bay of Naples.

8. Pompeii Mount Vesuvius as seen from Pompeii, whichwas destroyed in the 79 eruption.

9. Eruption of Vesuvius in 1822. The eruption of 79 AD would have appeared very similar.

10. Pompeii Bodies Describe how things could have happened?

11. When? Where? Under the Volcano The end? What disaster? Who?(Who is the main character?)

12. Task 1Skimming 1: What is described in the following passage? 2: When and where did it happen? 3: Who is the writer of the letter? 4：How many characters are there in the letter? Who are they? The eruption of the volcano called Mount Vesuvius. On the 24th of August in 79 AD in southern Italy. Pliny, the younger. Uncle Pliny; Pliny the Younger; Tacitus; Rectina; Pompy;

13. Task 2Scan the text & fill in the following form. A cloud of unusual size and shape rising from a mountain drew my uncle’s attention and he wanted to see it from closer at hand. After receiving a letter from his friend’s wife Rectina, he changed his mind to save her. In spite of the danger, he turned back to rescue his friend Pompy and help calm down the other people. My uncle wanted to get out of the danger but failed. He was dead.

14. Task 3 true or false. AD公元 (Anno Domini) BC(before century) F • A volcano erupted on the 24th of August in 79 BC in southern Italy. • My uncle planned to save his friend’s wife Rectina. • My uncle went to rescue Pompy after saving Rectina. • The flames came from the homes of farmers who had left in a panic with the kitchen fires still on. • They decided to try the open air instead of staying in the house. • It was night when the volcano erupted. F Para.3 T Para 4. Last line F Para.5 T Para.5 last line Para.6 Sentence 2 F

15. Task 4 Scan the text answer the following questions. • What did Tacitus ask the author to do? • From whom was the letter which the author’s uncle brought? • Where was Rectina’s house? • What did the captain urge the author’s uncle to do? • Why did the author’s uncle ask to be taken to the baths? • When was the author’s uncle’s body found?

16. 1.What did Tacitus ask the author to do? 2.From whom was the letter which the author’s uncle brought? 3. Where was Rectina’s house? Para. 1 Ask him to write him something about the death of his uncle Pliny. Para. 3 From his friend’s wife Rectina. Para. 3 At the foot of Vesuvius.

17. 4.What did the captain urge the author’s uncle to do? 5. Why did the author’s uncle ask to be taken to the baths? 6.When was the author’s uncle’s body found? Para. 4 He urged the author’s uncle to turn back. Para. 5 sentence 3 Because he wanted to help the other to calm down. When daylight came again two days after he died.

18. Task 5 Arrange the following statements in the right order according to the text. • He decided to rescue his friend Pompy. • Some people watched an unusual cloud rising from a mountain. • Rectina begged him to save her. • He ordered a boat made ready. • Two slaves helped him stand up and immediately he fell down dead. • He bathed and had dinner. • A rain of rocks was coming down. 2 3 1 6 7 5 4

19. Task 5Further understanding • From the text, we can learn that Tacitus____ • was a history writer • B. worked for the local police • C. was a close friend of Pliny • D. did research into volcanoes and earthquakes Para1. I hope you can use it for the history book that you are writing.(推断题)

20. 2.What is the passage mainly about? A.The death of Pliny the elder B The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD C The possible causes of volcanoes erupting D The ways of escaping from a volcano eruption

21. 3.“The sight of itawoke the scientist in my uncle to go and see it from closer at hand.”The underlined parts refer to______ • Mount Vesuvius; the uncle of the writer • B. A mountain in the distance;Pliny the elder • C. A cloud of unusual size and shape;qualities of a scientist like curiosity • D.dark spots of dirt and ash;qualities of a scientist like curiosity Scientific spirits awake sth. in sb. 唤起某人的……

22. 4.The writer didn’t think his uncle was afraid on the trip to Vesuvius because______ A. he had to rescue his friend’s wife Rectina B. he hurried to a place from which others were fleeing C. He had a good knowledge of how to survive a volcano eruption D.he was calm enough to write a report about what he observed Para. 3 last sentence

23. 5.____ led to the immediate death of the writer’s uncle. A. The wrong decision he made B. His interest to study the volcano C.That he didn’t take the eruption seriously D. That he wanted to rescue Pompy after rescuing Rectina Para 4.

24. 6. Pompy didn’t get away because___ A.He had to wait for a good wind B.there was no way out except by boat C.he was too scared to take any action D.he wanted to join Pliny in observing the eruption Para5. He had to wait for a good wind, blowing the other way than the one that carried my uncle right in.( 细节题)

25. 7. What does the writer mean with the last sentence of the letter? A.It is no easy task to be a history writer B.He reminds Tacitus of his uncle’s bravery C.He is sorry that he can’t tell Tacitus more about the eruption D.He leaves it for Tacitus to decide which parts are important for his history book

26. Read this letter once again, and explain what the words in bold refer to: • The sight of it awoke the scientist in my uncle to go and see it from closer at hand. • He had to wait for a good wind, blowing the other way than the one that carried… • In order to help the other calm down, he… • Their light scared people but my uncle… • They discussed what to do:… a cloud of unusual size and shape a good wind Pompy flames The light of flames Pliny Pompy and their friends

27. The uncle of the writer was not afraid of what was happening. How do you know? Give three examples that show he had no fear. Para 3. Para 4. Para 5. He wrote a report about all he observed during his trip. Rescued Pompy, calmed down, bathed and had dinner, slept, etc. Slept after baths and dinner, told the flames came from the homes of farmers who had left in a panic with the kitchen fires still on.

28. Discussion • If you were the Uncle, would you go to save your friends? The answer to this are twofold. Pliny was solider and commander of the fleet. It was his duty, and he had courage to face danger and rescue people without thinking of his own life. On the other hand, he risked his own life and that of others by going near the place of danger to study the volcano. That was very unwise, and scientists should always think of their safety and that of others.

29. 2. What can we learn from Pliny? Give facts in the letter. a. Bravery In face of volcano eruption Pliny decided to see it from closer at hand. b. Kindness He changed his mind to save Rectina who was in danger.

30. 3. Are there any advantages of volcano eruption? a. The earth around volcanoes is very fertile, so farmers were always attracted to plant their crops near these mountains. b. Many precious stones, such as diamond, are formed because of the eruption of volcanoes. c. It can also enlarge the areas of land. For example, Hawaiian Islands came into being because of the volcano eruption.

31. Homework: 1. Retell the story in your own words. 2. Refer to the website to know more about the volcano. http://www.fsyz.com.cn/yanjiu/gta http://www.cpus.gov.cn/zlg/huoshan

32. Language points

33. 1. They were ______ to death when they saw a giant spider. A. scare B. scaring C. scared D. scary frightened The ___________ look on the boy’s face suggested he was ____________at the ___________news . ( frighten) frightened frightening 当修饰face , look , smile ,voice 等表现人的情感的词时，多用过去分词型的形容词． scary It is a ________ adventure. I am ________to go out alone scary frightening = frightened = scared scared

34. be scared of sb/sth of doing sth 她怕蛇/看到蛇。 他害怕接电话。 to do sth She is scared of snakes/seeing snakes . He’s scared to answer the phone . be frightened / scared to death frighten / scare sb . to death to ： as far as sth reaching starve to death beat sb. to death sentence sb. to death terrify =scare/frighten

35. When Mary heard the story of the hero , she was moved ____ tears. a. at b. to c. by d. with 2.陷入极度恐慌之中 get into a total panic . get into 1).start a career in 从事。。。 get into publishing/ journalism 2).become involved in sth/ start sth参与某事；开始某事 get into an argument, a fight with sb 3).aquire or develop sth 得到或形成某事物 get into bad habits 4).become familiar with sth, learn sth I haven’t really gotinto my new job yet.

36. 3.The driver of the car ____from behind the lorry. A. pull out B. pull off C. pull in D. pull up pull out = move out remove/take off When the typhoon pulled the roofs off their houses… We pulled off our plan for going to Beijing. succeed in doing sth The train pulled in right on time. (of a train) enter a station attract The new show is certainly pulling in the crows. The driver pulled up at the traffic lights. (cause a vehicle to )come to a halt He was pulled up by the head teacher. correct or reprimand sb

37. 4. The sight of the dead man made his hair ______ on end. A. sit B. lie C. stand D. seat 他把箱子竖起来，坐在上面 on end 1).upright He placed the box on end and sat on it. 2).continuously 他连续在那儿坐了几个小时 He sat there for hours on end 5.draw one’s attention to =attract / catch / call / get one’s attention to fix one’s attention on devote one’s attention to hold one’s attention on pay attention to

38. 6. at such a distance at a distance of six miles in the distance= far away 7.awake sth in sb =cause sth to be active in sb 那信又勾起他往日的恐惧。 The letterawokeold fearsin him. 8.Be more practical. Haven’t you heard “one bird ___ is worth two in bush”? A. in hand B. at hand C. on hand D. on the other hand in hand = in one’s possession/in control持有/在控制下 1).=near/close by 他住在附近。 at hand He lives close/near at hand. 2).about to happen

39. 你的重大时刻即将到来。 Your big moment is at hand. = available现有（随时可用） on hand 9.flee ,escape, run away escape • Anyone who breaks the law can’t ________ being punished. • They all _____the burning building safely. • Tom ___________ twice from his boarding school for no reason. fled has run away

40. 10.hold his course directly into danger 直接驶向危险 1).direction/route followed by a ship or a plane 飞机飞向正确/偏离航线 fly on /off course run / take it’s course 听其自然发展 2). a French / chemistry course course= subject, series of lessons 3) of course= certainly as a matter of course 理所当然的事

41. 11. I urge that a doctor ______ immediately. A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for 1）.drive forcibly or hurry (a horse, etc) in a certain direction 驱赶，驱策（马）等 他策马跳过篱琶。 He urged his horse to jump the fence. 2）try to earnestly or persistently to persuade sb 诚恳地或持续地催促某人 他催我们走 He urged that we (should) go/urged our going /urged us to go. 3） urge sth on/ upon sb/ sth =recommend sth strongly with reasoning竭力推荐 我们特别提出要小心谨慎 We urged caution.

42. 4).urge sb on/ upon sb / sth encourage or stimulate sb to do sth鼓励或激励某人做某事 经理鼓励他职员更加努力 The manager urged his staff on( to greater efforts) 12. ______ the airport, he was arrested by the police. A. As soon as arriving B. Upon he arrived C. On arriving D. Upon arrival at on/upon+ n./ doing at or immediately after the time or occasion of 就在某时 as soon as ; immediately ;the instant; instantly; directly ; the moment; hardly/ scarcely…when; no sooner … than 那女人一听到那奇怪的声音就叫了起来。 The woman cried out on /upon hearing the strange sound.

43. On his return from the USA, he sent out to start a company. • The moment he returned from the USA, he sent out to start a company. • Immediately he returned from the USA, he sent out to start a company. • Hardlyhad he returned from the USA when he set out to start a company. • No soonerhad he returned form the USA than he sent out to start a company.

44. 13. calm down =cause sb to be calm still ; silent; calm; quiet quiet • He lives in a _______ street. • It was a ______, sunny morning, children went • out happily for a picnic. • c. He stood ____ at the gate. • d. You’d better be _____ about what happened. calm still silent 14. a rain of / a shower of =great number of things falling like rain or shower a rain of ashes/ arrows/bullets 15.The woman was lying in bed,____, listening to the rushing winds. A. awake B. wake C. asleep D. sleeping ---How is John now?—He came home____ A. safety B. safely C. safe D. in safe

45. 16.Many of them were ____ inventors than scientists. A. Less B. more C. much D. worse more A than B 与其说B, 不如说A 他们之中的很多人与其说是科学家,不如说是发明家. Because of the sunlight, the sea all around us is ____. A. greener than bluer B. more green than blue C. greener than more blue D. more greener than blue Less A than B “与其说A，不如说B” 与其说她受了伤，倒不如说她吓坏了。 She was less hurt than frightened. 与其说我把她当作老师，还不如说我把她当作朋友。 my teacher than as my friend. I regard her less as _________________________

46. 17.It is one thing to do…another to do… 是一会事,…又是另一回事 你要留下是一回事,我请你留下是另外一回事. It is one thing for you to stay here, another for me to ask you to stay here.