Welcome ladies and gentlemen, to a presentation that will blow you away!

1. Welcome ladies and gentlemen, to a presentation that will blow you away! Ready? 3… 2… 1…

2. Colonial Life: Militias & More! By Rachel Kulik 7A4-ID2 Colonial Life: Hear ye, hear ye! A presentation on colonial military and defense is now being shown!

3. Glossary • Militia -military force, often made up of local volunteers - The French and Indian War by Andrew Santella • Minuteman -a member of a group ofAmerican militiamen just beforeandduring the Revolutionary War who held themselves in readinessforinstantmilitaryservice. - http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/minuteman • Rifle -a firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder, which fires a single projectile (bullet) through a barrel which contains spiral grooves in its bore. (The bore is the hole through the middle of the barrel.) Along with shotguns, these are often called "long guns." - http://hunting.about.com/od/guns/g/rifle.htm • Saltpeter -theform of potassium nitrate,KNO3 , thatoccurs naturally, usedinthemanufactureoffireworks,fluxes,gunpowder, etc.; niter. - http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/saltpeter

4. First of All-Defense in Homes The safety of individual families at home was very important, so the government reinforced laws to warranted homes to have at least one firearm. Separate farms and abodes were not recommended, as they made easy targets for Indian raids. Villages centered around a meetinghouse were favored. They usually had outposts, small watchtowers, and at least one station for troops.

5. Let’s start at the beginning! Keep this in mind! Keep this in mind! Well, when one country has control over another territory, that country impacts the culture and way of life of the people living there. In this case, a certain country’s militia was a great influence. Now, I wonder what that country was! Hmmm… Hint Hint

6. English Inheritances-Militias Many English military institutions were inherited in the American colonies. The militia was one of these important things; it dated back to Anglo-Saxon times. Immigrants and contact with the British Army kept the colonists informed about the latest technological developments. As settlements were enlarged, there was more brutality between the colonists and neighboring Indians. Colonies needed a way to defend their land, so they interpreted the ways of English militias and made their own variations.

7. A Few Things on Training: From To • Many colonists hunted, but few had ever fought in a formal line of battle. • Militia training stressed individual marksmanship instead of massed firing at an area, which had been usual in the Old World. • British colonials in 17th century New England trained in the aspects of quick response and strict obedience to an officer’s commands. These things were helpful when battling from an assigned defensive position in town.

8. A Continuation of the Previous Page: • Militiamen were armed with various weapons that ranged from rifles to fowling pieces (aka shotguns). Because of great differences in the weapons used, they could not load and shoot at once. • Obedience was a necessary factor in militias. The community’s defense was considered more important than any longing of one member, and militiamen could be fined and jailed if they were irresponsible. I can’t go to jail! I’m claustrophobic!

9. Things to Keep in Mind… In case you have no common sense, in colonial times, there were no: Camouflage clothes & protective wear Advanced guns Tanks But…

10. What Minutemen did have: The choice of weapons was also the effect of European heritage. Cannons-Cannon calibers were made based on the weight of the balls used. The smallest of the standard cannons was called a two-pounder, and the largest was the fifty-pounder. Flintlock muskets-The wilderness gave an emphasis to it’s great advantages. By 1675, almost every colony required its minutemen to carry flintlocks instead of matchlocks. The British “Brown Bess” was an acclaimed example of a flintlock musket. Ship and garrison carriages-These carriages were adequate for lighter guns. They were made up of wooden frames, which rested on four trucks, or small wheels. The cannon or gun would lie between the sides of the frame on cross-members called "transoms."

11. Gunpowder-Obviously, you couldn’t have guns without it! Did you know: Gunpowder is chemically considered a mixture. The ingredients are just physically combined. Gunpowder is made up of saltpeter, sulphur, and charcoal (in the same amount by weight). If you increased saltpeter, powder for muskets would be made, and an even greater increase would result in pistol powder. Horses- These creatures were used for transport, height, and speed. Horses also pulled things and came in handy when traveling on uneven land. See diagrams

12. This is a Cannon:

13. This is a flintlock musket/rifle:

14. This is a Carriage holding a cannon: • Breech bolt • Aft sight • Vent hole • Front sight • First reinforcing ring • Barrel • Muzzle • Second reinforcing ring • Horizontal rotation axis • Chock • Vertical rotation axis • Wheel • Mobile pedestal • Carriage • Pommel • Elevation thread Remember?

15. Fun Fact Time! • Soldiers who were able to solve the geometric calculations that were necessary to place a cannonball on target were considered wizards. Huzzah! I’m a wizard! The Charleville Musket was made in France in 1717.Though it is improbable that it, along with other versions, were used in battles of North America, at least one of them was discovered with a brand of "US" on the lock. The "Brown Bess" was manufactured for more than a century. It was used in both the American Revolutionary War and the Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815). It weighed fifteen pounds with its bayonet and could fire a ball that was three quarters of an inch in diameter!

16. Bibliography: • The French and Indian War by Andrew Santella • http://www.colonialwarsct.org/colonial_military_experience.htm • Colonial Militia in the 17th Century | Suite101.com • http://nicholas-efstathiou.suite101.com/colonial-militia-in-the-17th-century-a223820#ixzz1dLsfWY1A • http://www.history.org/foundation/journal/winter08/tactics.cfm • http://www.americanrevolution.org/artillery.html • http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=marksmanship • http://hunting.about.com/od/guns/g/rifle.htm • http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/minuteman • http://replicaweaponry.com/britbrowrif.html • http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/saltpeter • http://www.2ndsc.org/charleville.html

17. Image URLs: • http://l.thumbs.canstockphoto.com/canstock2778025.jpg • http://www.clipartpal.com/_thumbs/pd/education/large_gold_star.png • http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ESn7-Cn4W94/TclgAtW7bWI/AAAAAAAAAE8/miN_pY000to/s1600/blackboard.jpg • http://www.bronzecannons.net/cannon_partsx1000.jpg • http://www.hunter-ed.com/images/graphics/gun_parts_muzzleloading_rifle.gif • http://www.clipartpal.com/_thumbs/pd/education/look_it_up_T.png • http://www.flubber.net/Clipart/content/bin/images/large/Book2.jpg • http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1960017/posts • http://asjewelers.com/FRstuff/17/LexingtonM4minutemenLG.jpg • http://www.travelamerica2learn.com/images/colonial_soldiers_marching_md_wht.gif • http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/45200/45207/45207_brit_cannon_lg.gif • http://www.clker.com/clipart-cannon-balls.html • http://media.onsugar.com/files/2011/04/16/5/1593/15933885/f1/theatre_curtain_2_.jpg • http://www.clker.com/clipart-6814.html • http://www.sun-windsolutions.com/wind_pic1.jpg • http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_q6qph8tLqX8/SjvuD3ugDYI/AAAAAAAAAoU/AcV8k7o7i_8/s400/Militia_at_Guilford.jpg • http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RWmA77zbc7s/TgKVLYSl-wI/AAAAAAAAEDc/KR_Cx5nNIEg/s1600/colonial-minutemen-5.jpg • http://www.concordma.com/magazine/spring05/bhday002.thb.jpg • http://www.clker.com/clipart-14876.html • http://cdn7.fotosearch.com/bthumb/corbis/DGT067/CB005367.jpg

18. The End! Random Clapping Random Clapping Thanks for watching! (You have permission to clap,too).