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Wander’s SAT Preparation Class SJ Gurdwara By Mandeep S.S . Gill : UC Berkeley Alum

Choosing a Career P ath in: Having a Part in: Humanity's Quest to Unlock the Mysteries of the Universe. Wander’s SAT Preparation Class SJ Gurdwara By Mandeep S.S . Gill : UC Berkeley Alum Stanford KIPAC Researcher/ CBPF – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Saturday July 30, 2011. Outline.

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Wander’s SAT Preparation Class SJ Gurdwara By Mandeep S.S . Gill : UC Berkeley Alum

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  1. Choosing a Career Path in: Having a Part in: Humanity's Quest to Unlock the Mysteries of the Universe Wander’s SAT Preparation Class SJ Gurdwara By Mandeep S.S. Gill : UC Berkeley Alum Stanford KIPAC Researcher/ CBPF – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Saturday July 30, 2011

  2. Outline • Academic research (in Astronomy) as a career choice • Intro to astronomy and cosmology • What I do in the field

  3. Some of my Inspirations Sikhism And the Gurus Social Justice – inspired by Sikhism Nature

  4. Cosmology = Subfield of Astronomy • Study of how the Universe came to be, and how it will evolve into the future http://watershed.ucdavis.edu/skeena_river/images/photos/Skeena/day02/images/AR_143.jpg http://img-fan.theonering.net/rolozo/images/howe/oldwillow.jpg

  5. Let’s start “close to home” – with the Solar System!

  6. Pictures of the Planets

  7. Sizes of the planets

  8. Our Sun is a star Our Sun: 8 ½ Light Minutes Away

  9. Next closest star: Four Light Years Away!!

  10. Have you seen any Constellations at night? The Big Dipper:

  11. Orion the Hunter

  12. Betelgeuse: star in Orion – it’s huge!

  13. Milky Way: Our Galaxy

  14. Milky Way across the whole sky

  15. Stars make up Galaxies

  16. Other cool galaxies

  17. Sometimes Galaxies Collide!

  18. The Large Binocular Telescope World’s largest optical telescope (two primary mirrors, each 27 feet in diameter)

  19. Hubble Space Telescope

  20. The things to take away • After evolving separately for decades, particle physics and astronomy have strongly rejoined as one field – with overlap in DM especially.. • Essentially how the Universe came to be, and what it’s made of, are inextricably linked ideas at root. http://watershed.ucdavis.edu/skeena_river/images/photos/Skeena/day02/images/AR_143.jpg http://img-fan.theonering.net/rolozo/images/howe/oldwillow.jpg

  21. DM (Dark Matter) in many spheres connects the two ‘separate’ subjects Galaxy Dynamics Particle Theory Colliders Cosmological Component

  22. 1689: Newton explains the motion of the planets Matter produces force (Universal Gravity) Force causes acceleration F = G M m / d2 a = F / m = v2 / d v =

  23. Mid-1970s: Rubin, Ford, Roberts, and others Spiral galaxies have flat rotation curves First very strong evidence for DM

  24. Measured!! : (green arrows)

  25. 1933: Zwicky “finds” “missing mass” in Coma cluster From: Galaxies ‘flying around’ the cluster too fast according to just the visible matter… (cf. Virial Theorem)

  26. The Mysterious and Elusive “Dark Matter” Do we need it? Yes. Lots of observational evidence, in galaxies, groups, clusters. What is it? Could it be one of these: Black holes Frozen hydrogen “snowballs” Gas clouds “Jupiters” Low mass stars NO! From many observations we know there is not enough “normal” matter (made of protons and neutrons, a.k.a. “baryons”) to account for all the dark matter.

  27. So, is DM the only mysterious thing we need to find / understand in the coming years..? Nope -- a recent surprise: The expansion of the universe is speeding up, not slowing down!!!

  28. Again: Expected = black, Found = red: Galaxy velocity Vectors wrt us. In recent times (last few Gyr) Universe expansion Is *accelerating*!

  29. Dark Energy G- g= 8T Spacetime curvature matter/energy G= 8T + g curvature matter/energy vacuum energy Cosmic acceleration can be produced by the repulsive gravitational effect of vacuum energy, a.k.a. “dark energy”.

  30. The Dark Energy Survey Probe the nature of dark matter and cosmic acceleration with • Supernovae • Baryon oscillations • Clusters of galaxies • Weak gravitational lensing

  31. Unknowns: The Incompleteness of What We Know • Neutrino (n) Masses not in our current picture of what makes up our Universe • Everything else fits so far -- but 18 Parameters not explained  GUTs? SUSY? String Theory? XD? Something Else? • Noallowance for DM (let alone DE = Dark Energy) • WHAT is DM?! (i.e. the Dark Side of the Universe) – who is behind the mask??!

  32. In conclusion.. (Let’s watch some short movie clips!) • Thanks, Arvinder+ class! • Try to take a trip sometime to e.g. Lick Observatory, CA Academy of Sciences, etc. • Keep looking up!!! 

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