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Aim: Were the Crusades a success or a failure?. Do Now : Does religion have to lead to war?. NY State Standards 2, 3 Common Core 1, 2, 7, WS 1. Let’s Explore Jerusalem!.
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Aim: Were the Crusades a success or a failure? Do Now: Does religion have to lead to war? NY State Standards 2, 3 Common Core 1, 2, 7, WS 1
Let’s Explore Jerusalem! Jerusalem was founded in 3000 BCE. Israel only became a country in 1948. Today, Israel is home to Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Conflict unfortunately still exists between Israel and the Palestinians, who believe that Israel belongs to them.
The Israeli Army These Israeli soldiers are praying. At 18 years old, women have to serve in the military for 2 years, men for 3.
Should the Wall Separating West and East Jerusalem Be Torn Down?
I What were the Crusades? A) The Crusades were a series of wars fought over control of the Holy Land (Jerusalem) in the Middle Ages (1095-1291) between Christian knights and the Saracens (Muslim Turks).
II Why did the Crusades Begin? • The Umayyad Muslims captured the Holy Land in the 7th century CE. Christians and Jews were allowed to worship freely at their holy sites. Umayyads built the Dome of the Rock(a mosque) on the Temple Mount (where the Jewish Temple once stood.) Muslims believe this is where Muhammad ascended to heaven. • In 1070 the Seljuk Turks (also Muslim) conquered Jerusalem and threatened the Byzantine Empire. Unlike the Umayyads, the Seljuk Turks did not allow non-Muslims to visit their holy sites. C) In 1095 the Byzantine Emperor asked Pope Urban II to help him fight the Seljuk Turks in Jerusalem. Why would the Byzantine Emperor ask for help from the Pope? Didn’t they not like each other?
III What was at stake for Christians? A) Church of the Holy Sepulcher: Christians believe the church was built over the site where Jesus was crucified.
What was at stake for Christians Continued… B) Bethlehem’s Church of the Nativity: Where Jesus is believed to have been born.
IV Pope Urban II Calls for a Crusade A) 1095 Pope Urban II gave a speech, asking all Christians to fight for the Holy Land, promising forgiveness of sins, salvation in heaven, and wealth. "Christians, hasten to help your brothers in the East, for they are being attacked. Arm for the rescue of Jerusalem under your captain Christ. Wear his cross as your badge. If you are killed your sins will be pardoned.“ – Pope Urban II, 1095 Can you think of any other reasons why Christian knights wanted to go on a crusade?
V The First Crusade (1095 – 1099) A) 30,000+ Christian knights went on the First Crusade. Not all made it to Jerusalem. B) On the way to Jerusalem, the crusaders massacred and looted Jewish communities. This was due to anti-Semitism, and the belief that Jews were responsible for killing Jesus. C) Godfrey of Bouillon led a successful take-over of Jerusalem. He began the Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem. Anti-Semitism is hatred towards Jews. The French word for cross is “croix”, which led to the word “crusades”. All crusading knights sewed crosses on their tunics.
A Christian Depiction of the Crusades How does this painting depict the Christian Knights? How does it depict the Saracens (Muslim Turks)? Can you trust this painting as a true account of the Crusades?
Primary Source from an Unknown Christian Knight, 1099 "Exulting with joy we reached the city of Jerusalem on Tuesday, June 6, and we besieged it in a wonderful manner… One of our knights… climbed on to the wall of the city. When he reached the top, all the defenders of the city quickly fled… Our men followed and pursued them, killing and hacking, as far as the temple of Solomon [the Wailing Wall], and there was such a slaughter that our men were up to their ankles in the enemy's blood. . . . Entering the city, our pilgrims pursued and killed the Saracens [Muslim Turks] up to the Temple of Solomon. There the Saracens assembled and resisted fiercely all day, so that the whole temple flowed with their blood… Then the crusaders scattered throughout the city, seizing gold and silver, horses and mules, and houses full of all sorts of goods. Afterwards our men went rejoicing and weeping for joy to adore the [Holy] Sepulcher of our Savior Jesus and there discharged their debt to Him. . . . On the eighth day after the capture of the city they elected Duke Godfrey prince of the city…The city was captured by the Christians on Friday, July 15."
Who Was Eleanor of Aquitaine? At 15 years old Eleanor was married to Louis VII, the King of France. In 1147 she joined her husband on the 2nd Crusade. She traveled with 300 other ladies, all dressed in armor and carrying lances. They never fought, but they helped the wounded. After returning to France following their defeat, Eleanor successfully divorced her husband… though it may have had more to do with the fact that she bore him no sons.
VII What were the consequences of the Crusades? A) Short Term Consequences: 1. By 1302 the Crusades were officially over. There had been 9 official (Pope approved) crusades, and many more minor ones. 2. The Holy Land remained in the hands of the Saracens (Muslim Turks). 3. 1-5 million people died.
What were the consequences of the Crusades Continued… B) Long Term Consequences: 1. Many nobles who joined the Crusades never returned. This allowed kings to increase their power, breaking down the feudal system. 2. Europeans were exposed to Muslim technology, education, and luxury goods. This led to a revival of trade. 3. The Holy Land was controlled by the Muslim Turks until the end of WWI in 1922!
Summary • What were the causes of the Crusades? • What were the consequences of the Crusades? • Were the Crusades a success or failure? Explain.
Key Vocabulary • Crusades • Pope Urban II • Umayyads • Saracens • Temple Mount • Dome of the Rock • Church of the Holy Sepulchre • First Crusade • Godfrey • Kingdom of Jerusalem • Second Crusade • Eleanor of Aquitaine • Saladin • King Richard I • Third Crusade • Fourth Crusade • Children’s Crusade
