16.4 The Allies Are Victorious

1. 16.4 The Allies Are Victorious Audrey Gilmore Chris Fox Kevin Dowe

2. Allies Plan for Victory • Winston Churchill and President Roosevelt meet at the White House and develop a joint war policy • Stalin wants to form two fronts, weakening and separating the German forces.

3. The Tide Turns on Two Fronts • North African Campaign -1942: General Erwin Remmel- led German forces and took key port city of Toburk. -General Bernard Montgomery- led British forces and took axis soldiers by surprise; launching the Battle of El Alamein, pushing Rommel’s army westward. -General Dwight D. Eisenhower- led the allied force of 107,000 troops in Operation Torch. -May 1943: Desert Fox’s Afrika Korps was smashed. • Turning Point at Stalingrad -1942-1943: Battle of Stalingrad- German forces lose in attempt to capture city of Stalingrad in the Soviet Union. -The city of Stalingrad was 99% destroyed after the battle, but it put the German forces on the defensive side. • The Invasion of Italy -While the Battle of Stalingrad was occurring, the British and the American forces invade Italy. -On July 10th, 1943, Allies attack Sicily and capture by August -July 25: King Victor Emmanuel III fires and arrests Mussolini, taking him temporally out of power. -September 3: Italy surrenders - Germany takes over Northern Italy, puts Mussolini back into power, until Germany fell in May 1945. Mussolini was found disguised as a German soldier and was shot.

4. Life on Allied Home Fronts • Mobilizing for Total War -To defeat the Axis powers, total war was required to be set in place. -In the United States, factories would stop production of its product and would start producing weapons, tanks, boots, etc. -To further inspire people, the Allied forces conducted effective propaganda campaigns. • Japanese Americans Imprisoned -The government’s propaganda also had a negative effect. -After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Japanese Americans were displayed as “the enemy” and a program of internment and property loss was set up. -March 1942: Military forces began rounding up “aliens” and shipping them to relocation camps. Some of the supposed “aliens” were American citizens of Japanese descent.

5. Allied Victory in Europe • The D-Day Invasion -D-Day- June 6, 1944; day in which the Allied forces began their invasion of the European mainland. -The allied force, led by Dwight Eisenhower, attacked the coast of Normandy. -August 25, 1944: the Allied force made its way into Paris. By September, they liberated France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and much of the Netherlands. • Battle of the Bulge -Allied forces moved into the western front of Germany, while the Soviet army moved into the eastern front, forcing Hitler to fight on two fronts. -Battle of the Bulge- last major battle in Germany, the Allies pushed the Germans back and defeated them. • Germany’s Unconditional Surrender -After the win in the Battle of the Bulge, three million Allied soldiers and six million Soviet troops surrounded the city of Berlin. -Soviet artilleries shelled Berlin, while Hitler married his companion, Eva Braun. His final address blamed the war on the Jews and he blamed his generals for losing it. Hitler shot himself after him and his wife drank poison. -May 7, 1945: General Eisenhower accepted the unconditional surrender of the Third Reich from the German military. The surrender was officially signed in Berlin, ending the war in Europe.

6. Victory in the Pacific • The Japanese Retreat • -Kamikaze-Japanese suicide pilots that would sink Allied ships by crashing into them with bomb filled planes. • -American Marines took Iwo Jima and Okinawa, Japanese lost 110,000 troops, while the Americans lost only 12,500 • The Atomic Bomb Brings Japanese Surrender • -President Truman decides to make the first atomic bomb to use against Japan to bring about the quickest end to the war in the Pacific. • -After setting off the first ever atomic bomb in the desert of New Mexico, President Truman sent a warning to the Japanese saying that if they did not surrender they could expect “rain of ruin from the air”. The Japanese never replied. • -On August 6, 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, killing almost 73,000 people. Three days later, second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, killing about 37,500 people. • -September 2, 1945: The Japanese surrender to General Douglas MacArthur on the US battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay. This surrender brought about the end of World War II

7. Quiz 1. What did General Bernard Montgomery contribute to the war? a. he led the American side in the Battle of the Bulge b. he led the British forces in North Africa, pushed Rommel’s army westward. c. supported Hitler's theories and led many of his armies during the war. 2. What was the outcome of the dropping of the Atomic Bomb? a. Japanese surrendered to General Douglas MacArthur, brought about the end of WWII b. Japanese planned to create an atomic bomb for revenge, but failed c. the war continued for two more years until the Japanese surrender. 3. What battle led to the end of war in Europe? a. Battle of Stalingrad b. D-day c. Battle of the Bulge 4. What is NOT one of the effects of propaganda in the United States? a. Raised awareness and support of the war. b. Made Japanese Americans look like “the enemy” c. Lowered the amount of supplies the American troops needed. 5. Who did the German forces surrender to? a. General Bernard Montgomery b. General Dwight D. Eisenhower c. General Erwin Rommel

8. Activity A-bomb Allies Axis powers Battle of Stalingrad Battle of the Bulge Berlin Bernard Montgomery D-Day Dwight D. Eisenhower Erwin Remmel Hiroshima Kamikaze Mussolini Propaganda Soviets