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Almoravids & Mali

Almoravids & Mali. Almoravids & Mali Almoravids Almoravids—Berbers living in the desert north of Ghana fervent Muslims and they declared holy war, or jihad, against the kingdom of Ghana Why was Ghana weakened previous to Almoravids? Sahara had spread Overuse of land

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Almoravids & Mali

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  1. Almoravids & Mali

  2. Almoravids & Mali • Almoravids • Almoravids—Berbers living in the desert north of Ghana • fervent Muslims and they declared holy war, or jihad, against the kingdom of Ghana • Why was Ghana weakened previous to Almoravids? • Sahara had spread • Overuse of land • 1224, one of the chiefs who had seceded from Ghana, attacked the capital city of Kumbi-Saleh and seized the royal family • 1234, a legendary magician and a royal hostage named Sunjata overcame the usurper and began a new empire: Mali.

  3. II. Mali • Location • Further south of Ghana • Better land • Upper Niger river (bulk of gold trade went up Niger) • Economy • Monopolized the Trans-Saharan trade network • Taxed the trade but did not control the gold mines • Sent tribute payments to remain indep of govt • Dependent upon agriculture • Food was produced by independent peasant farmers in small villages • Paid a portion to village chief who forwarded the rest to govt • State farms—worked by slaves • Cowry shells—currency but gold and salt still main form of exchange

  4. Almoravids & Mali • Almoravids • Mali • Location • Economy • Sunjata (r. 1230-1255) • Magician and slave of Soso • Seized major territories through which gold was traded & built Mali • Introduced the cultivation and weaving of cotton

  5. Almoravids & Mali • Almoravids • Mali • Location • Economy—Monopolized the Trans-Saharan trade network • Sunjata (r. 1230-1255) • Mansa Musa (r. 1312-1337) • Expanded influence over the large Niger city-states of Timbuktu, Gao, Djenne • Devout Muslim—built mosques, pilgrimage to Mecca • Timbuktu—built libraries, universities, meeting place of poets & scholars, major Islamic center in Sub-Saharan Africa

  6. Almoravids & Mali • Almoravids • Mali • Location • Economy—Monopolized the Trans-Saharan trade network • Sunjata (r. 1230-1255) • Mansa Musa (r. 1312-1337) • Government • Muslims as ministers • Outlaying districts—traditional rulers kept in place in return for $ • Standing army—Protected from outside invaders & trade routes

  7. Almoravids & Mali • Almoravids • Mali • Location • Economy—Monopolized the Trans-Saharan trade network • Sunjata (r. 1230-1255) • Mansa Musa (r. 1312-1337) • Government • Decline • Weak rulers & short reigns • Subject states began to break off & d/n pay tribute $ • 1430, Tuareg Berbers in north seized Timbuktu • 1440, Mossi kingdom in south seized Mali’s southern territories • Kindom of Gao grew and became Kingdom of Songhay

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