Primairy fast pyrolysis products from pine-wood

1. Primairy fast pyrolysis products from pine-wood A comparison between wire mesh and fluidized bed pyrolysis Title: to modify choose 'View' then 'Heater and footer' Elly Hoekstra, Roel Westerhof and Kees Hogendoorn

2. Aim Study the primary pyrolysis processes and to clarify the primary reaction mechanisms. By understanding of the primary fast pyrolysis mechanism it may be possible to develop methods to steer the final pyrolysis oil composition. Aim Set-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions Aim

3. Wire-Mesh reactor AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions Set-up

4. Operating conditions AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions Set-up

5. Movies Vacuum and Cooling Atmospheric without Cooling AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions Set-up

6. Primary versus Secondary: Yields AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions ..Primary

7. Primary versus Secondary: Mw-distribution AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions ..Primary

8. Primary versus Secondary: SEM melting/evaporation physical entrainment AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions ..Primary

9. Primary versus Secondary: sugars Observation: A THF insoluble fraction but water soluble fraction was observed for the experiments carried out using vacuum and cooling HPLC Analyses (RUG) This fraction contained mainly sugars Model compound study: glucose and levoglucosan These compounds were evaporated and condensed without reactions taken place AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions ..Primary

10. Primary fast pyrolysis processes: • High oil yields (> 80 wt%) • Extremely low char yields (~ 5 wt%) • Presence of high molecular weight products • Presence of sugars • Less alkane like groups (NMR) AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions ..Primary

11. Effect holding time: yields AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions Conversion Rate

12. Effect holding time: gas and char composition AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions Conversion Rate

13. Experimental progress: “Grey Intensity Method” Experimental Progress AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions Conversion Rate

14. Reactions approximately completed Conversion rate: experimental progress AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions Conversion Rate

15. Reactions approximately completed Comparison with C. Di Blasi and C. Branca [2001]* Colomba Di Blasi* and Carmen Branca, Kinetics of Primary Product Formation from Wood Pyrolysis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2001, 40, 5547-5556 AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions Conversion Rate

16. Conversion rate • The majority of the reactions in our wire-mesh reactor was finished within 0.5 s. • Our results indicate that the actual primary pyrolysis process is faster than previously thought AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions Conversion Rate

17. Biomass loading Although the absolute biomass was small, the results are still influenced by secondary reactions, the extent is increasing with biomass loading. AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions ..Biomass Loading

18. Temperature: yields Wire-Mesh reactor Pilot Plant AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions ..Temperature

19. Temperature: gas composition Wire-Mesh reactor Pilot Plant AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions ..Temperature

20. Temperature: Mw-distribution Wire-Mesh reactor Pilot Plant AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions ..Temperature

21. Temperature: Mw-distribution Wire-Mesh reactor Pilot Plant AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions ..Temperature

22. Temperature: Mw-distribution Wire-Mesh reactor Pilot Plant AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions ..Temperature

23. Temperature • Decrease in oil yield • Still cracking reactions possible under the extreme conditions in our set-up • However the yield is still above 60 wt% at 700 0C • Heavier products formed at higher temperatures • Heavier molecules can evaporate at higher temperatures • Cracking is minimized inside the wire-mesh reactor AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions ..Temperature

24. Conclusions Primary pyrolysis compared to conventional pyrolysis • High oil yields (> 80 wt%) and extremely low char yields (~ 5 wt%) • Less alkane like groups (NMR) • High molecular weight products and sugars • Heavier products formed at higher temperatures • Extremely fast conversion rate However, secondary cracking reactions are extremely fast • Inside biomass layer • At high temperatures AimSet-up Primary Conversion Rate Biomass Loading Temperature Conclusions ..Conclusions