专题五 阅读理解

1. 专题五 阅读理解

2. (2011 年广东高考) A In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animals. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.

3. From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don’t get to see this soft side of others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that's in them. Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. People behind me began to get impatient and angry, with some speeding up alongside me, horning (按喇叭) or even shouting at me. At the moment I decided to do something I had never done in twenty-four years of driving. I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed.

4. No more angry shouts and no more horns! When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to other drivers, “I have a problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understood. Several times, I saw drivers who wanted to pass. They couldn’t get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak. Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don’t feel that way. But those are few and far between. More often, it would be better if we don’t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we’re scared.

5. 26.The author has discovered that people will feel happy when ________. A. they offer their help B. they receive others’ help C. they feel others’ kindness D. they show their weakness 27.The author feels sad sometimes because ________. A. he has a soft heart B. he relies much on others C. some people pretend to be kind D. some people fail to see the kindness in others

6. 28.What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights? A. They speeded up to pass. B. They waited with patience. C. They tried their best to help. D. They put on their flashlights too. 29.In this passage, the author advises us to ________. A. handle problems by ourselves B. accept help from others C. admit our weakness D. show our bravery

7. 30.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. A Wheelchair Experience B. Weakness and Kindness C. Weakness and Strength D. A Driving Experience 这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章，作者以自己的亲身经历说明， 当我们弱势时往往会引出人们的善良。文章共347 个单词，仅 有1 个超纲生词，前4 题较为容易，第30 题较难。

8. 26.A 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知答案，句中 的 it 指的是前文中的“the kindness in people” ，其具体行为是 “people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat” ，而人们的这些行为就是 A 项的内容“they offer their help”。 27.D 细节理解题。由第二段第一句 but 后的内容“I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily”可知 D 项正确。 28.B 细节理解题。由第五段最后一句“But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited”可知 B 项正确。

9. 29.C 细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句“it would be better if we don’t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we’re scared”可知 C 项正确。 30.B 主旨大意题。本题的关键是找主题句，第一段中 but, however 等表示转折的词之后的句子往往就是主题句。本文 的 主 题 句 是 “But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people.”，由此可提炼出关键的两个词 Weakness 和 Kindness。故 B 项正确。

10. B Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cat are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe for success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.

11. However, it wasn’t all sweetness and light. There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission. In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour. They are learning how to talk each other’s language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk ‘Dog’, and dogs can learn how to talk ‘Cat’.

12. What’s interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence. They can learn how to read each other’s body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected. Once familiar with each other’s presence and body language, cats and dogs can play together, greet each other nose to nose, and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa. They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom (梳理) each other. The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets—to people who don’t get along, including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even world superpowers. If cats and dogs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance.

13. 31.The underlined word “swimmingly” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________. A. early C. quickly B. sweetly D. smoothly 32.Some cats and dogs may fight when ________. A. they are cold to each other B. they look away from each other C. they misunderstand each other’s signals D. they are introduced at an early age

14. 33.What is found surprising about cats and dogs? A. They eat and sleep together. B. They observe each other’s behaviors. C. They learn to speak each other’s language. D. They know something from each other’s voices. 34.It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs _______. A. have common interests B. are less different than was thought C. have a common body language D. are less intelligent than was expected

15. 35.What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs? A. We should learn to live in harmony. B. We should know more about animals. C. We should live in peace with animals. D. We should learn more body languages. 这是一篇议论文，文章介绍了一项关于猫狗相处的研究报 告，其结论是猫狗学会了对方的语言，对对方有了更多的了解， 就可以和睦相处。由此推断，我们人与人之间也应当可以学会 和睦相处。文章共338 个单词，仅有1 个超纲生词，由于第31 题是词义猜测题，第34、35 题是推理判断题，因此本文的难度 为中等偏难。

16. 31.D 词义猜测题。由本句的前面两句“...they will fight.A recent research has found a new recipe for success.”的逻辑关系， 特别是 new 一词可以推断，猫狗两者“相处得好”；再由本句 后面一句中的“a positive relationship between their cat and dog” 可以进一步确定猫狗“相处得好”，故选 D。 32.C 细节理解题。由第二段第二至四句可知，它们打 架的原因之一是它们的身体信号(身势语)是相反的，例如猫将 头偏开意味着要进攻，而狗将头偏开则意味着投降。由此推知， 两者会因身势语不同产生误会，结果就会打起来。

17. 33.C 细节理解题。由第三段最后两句可知，令人惊讶 的发现是猫和狗学会了讲对方的语言。 34.B 推理判断题。由第四段第二句“suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected”可推 知 B 项正确。 35.A 推理判断题。文章最后一段最后一句意为“如果 猫和狗都可以学会和睦相处，人与人之间更有可能( 和睦相 处)”，据此推断：既然人与人之间更有可能(和睦相处)，我们 为什么不学会和睦相处呢？即 A 项所表述的“我们应该学会和 睦相处”。

18. C A year after graduation, I was offered a position teaching a writing class. Teaching was a profession I had never seriously considered, though several of my stories had been published. I accepted the job without hesitation, as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis. My father went by the same name, and I liked to imagine people getting the two of us confused. “Wait a minute, ” someone might say, “are you talking about Mr. Davis the retired man, or Mr. Davis the respectable scholar?”

19. The position was offered at the last minute, and I was given two weeks to prepare, a period I spent searching for briefcase (公文 包) and standing before my full-length mirror, repeating the words, “Hello, class. I’m Mr. Davis.” Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice. Sometimes I would sound experienced. But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there. I sounded not like a thoughtful professor, but rather a 12-year-old boy. I arrived in the classroom with paper cards designed in the shape of maple leaves. I had cut them myself out of orange construction paper. I saw nine students along a long table. I handed out the cards, and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required.

20. “All right then,” I said. “Okey, here we go.” Then I opened my briefcase and realized that I had never thought beyond this moment. I had been thinking that the students would be the first to talk, offering their thoughts and opinions on the events of the day. I had imagined that I would sit at the edge of the desk, overlooking a forest of hands. Every student would yell. “Calm down, you'll all get your turn. One at a time, one at a time!” A terrible silence ruled the room, and seeing no other opinions, I inspected the students to pull out their notebooks and write a brief essay related to the theme of deep disappointment.

21. 36.The author took the job to teach writing because ________. A. he wanted to be respected B. he had written some stories C. he wanted to please his father D. he had dreamed of being a teacher 37.What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 2? A. He would be aggressive in his first class. B. He was well-prepared for his first class. C. He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class. D. He waited long for the arrival of his first class.

22. 38.Before he started his class, the author asked the students to ________. A. write down their suggestions on the paper cards B. cut maple leaves out of the construction paper C. cut some cards out of the construction paper D. write down their names on the paper cards 39.What did the students do when the author started his class? A. They began to talk. B. They stayed silent. C. They raised their hands. D. They shouted to be heard.

23. 40.The author chose the composition topic probably because ________. A. he got disappointed with his first class B. he had prepared the topic before class C. he wanted to calm down the students D. he thought it was an easy topic 这是一篇记叙文，记述了作者在教学过程中的一次难忘的 经历。文章共352 个单词，仅有1 个超纲生词，因为有第36、 37、40 题三道推理判断类的题目，因此本文的难度为中等偏难。

24. 36.A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis”一句可以推断出选 A。 37.C 推理判断题。 根据第二段中的“But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there.”可知选 C。 38.D 细节理解题。根据第三段的首句和最后一句可知 作者上课的第一件事是让学生把自己的名字写在卡片上。故选 D。

25. 39.B 40.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段的首句可知选 B。 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段和最后一段可知作 者原本以为在第一堂课上学生会踊跃地发言，但实际上并没有 人发言，学生都保持沉默，故可推测作者让学生写这样题目的 作文的原因是他认为自己的第一节课令人很失望。

26. D In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资 源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.

27. Today, sustainable development is a popular trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕 榈 油), which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.

28. Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge public expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from the traditional model to a sustainable one. The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of a growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.

29. 41.The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that ________. A. it makes the world warmer B. it consumes natural resources C. it brings severe damage to forests D. it makes growth hard to continue 42.What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A. China lacks wind and solar energy. B. China is the leader of the low-carbon market. C. High-speed trains are a low-carbon development. D. Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.

30. 43.To fully develop the low-carbon markets, governments can ________. A. cut public expenses B. forbid carbon emissions C. develop public resources D. encourage energy conservation 44.We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to ________. A. develop sustainable products B. explore new natural resources C. make full use of natural resources D. deal with the major challenge

31. 45.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce a new business model. B. To compare two business models. C. To predict a change of the global market. D. To advocate sustainable development. 这是一篇说明文，主要讲述由于全球变暖、许多资源面临 枯竭，许多国家(尤其是中国)提倡走可持续发展和低碳生活的 道路。文章共344 个单词，虽然有4 个超纲生词，但是不影响 阅读，且前4 题是细节理解题，较为容易，只有第45 题较难。

32. 41.B 细节理解题。由第一段第二句“the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm”可知选项 A 和 C 正确；由第一段第三句“this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable ways”可推断，传统模式是 unhealthy (不健 康的)，必须改变，其有害之处就是“要持续发展是困难的”。 故只有 B 项没有提及，且从第一段最后一句也可知可持续发展 也需消耗自然资源，故其不成为传统模式有害的原因。 42.C 细节理解题。由第二段第二至四句可知选 C。

33. 43.D 细节理解题。由第三段第二句 “First, they can set high targets...for saving and reusing energy.”可知，政府应当鼓励 “节能”。选项 A 是断章取义，虽然第三段倒数第一句中有 “avoid the huge public expenses...and redirecting some of those expenses”，但此句是说要改变花费的地方而不是减少花费。因 文中是说要“减排”而不是“禁排”，故选项 B 错误；而第三 段第三句的“stronger arrangement of public resources” 是指“严 格安排统筹公共资源”而不是“发展公共资源”，选项 C 错误。 故选 D。

34. 44.A 细节理解题。由最后一段，特别是最后一句“...but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries (为可持续性工业提供大量的新机遇)”可知，随着人口的增长， 需要大量可持续产品，企业也就有了许多发展可持续产品的机 会。故选 A。 45.D 主旨大意题。由第一段的“People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable ways”以及后面各段的中心可知，本文 的写作目的是“提倡可持续发展”。故选 D。

35. 一、广东高考英语阅读理解的设题方式及应试技巧一、广东高考英语阅读理解的设题方式及应试技巧 一般来说，阅读理解大致可以分为以下五种题型：主旨大 意题、事实细节题、推理判断题、词句理解题以及作者的意图、 观点和态度题。 (一)主旨大意题 主旨是文章的核心，即文章的中心思想或主题。该类题型 主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节、是否具备提纲挈领的能力， 即是否能在准确理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推 理等逻辑思维方法，准确地理解文章的话题和中心思想。这类 题目大约占总题量的 30%，它通常涉及概括中心(或段落)大意、 揭示主题、选择标题等形式。

36. 选项的特点：正确选项通常不含细节信息和绝对意义的词，选项的特点：正确选项通常不含细节信息和绝对意义的词， 能概括文章的全部内容；错误选项往往是某一个或几个细节部 分的概括，相对全文意义片面，且常含有绝对意义的词。 【设题方式】 1.What is the passage/text mainly about? 2.What would be the best title for the passage/text? 3.What is the subject of this news/story/passage? 4.What is the main idea of the passage/text/story/the... paragraph? 5.The best title of the story/text/passage is ________. 6.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage/text?

37. 【应试技巧】 此类题目要求考生在准确理解全文后归纳短文要点，概括 中心思想，也包括分析和归纳段落大意、重要情节、人物特征 和环境特点等。做此类题目的关键就是抓住文章的主题句。主 题句(topic sentence)的作用是交待文章的中心意思，再由各段展 开或讨论这个主题。不少文章一开始便展示出主题，特别是新 闻报道。但也要注意，也有文章的中心思想贯穿于全文之中。 因此要准确地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把 握住文章的脉络，即句与句之间、段落与段落之间的逻辑关系， 不能仅限于局部观点而放弃了全文的中心思想。

38. (二)事实细节题 细节是围绕主题展开的，是对主题的进一步表达。事实细 节题是针对原文提到的某个事物、现象或理论进行考查，主要 考查考生是否能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的 直接细节信息或理解特定信息意义的能力。有些细节题考查原 文细节本身，有些则考查某些细节在文中的意义。细节题的形 式多种多样，主要包括：是非判断题、例证题、年代和数字、 相关定义以及对某个细节详细内容的提问(什么、哪里、什么时 候、谁、为什么、怎样、哪一个等)。

39. 【设题方式】 1.We can learn/know from the passage/text that... 2.What do we learn about...? 3.Which of the following statements is true (NOT true) according to the passage/text? 4.Which of the following is the correct order of...? 5.Which of the following isn’t mentioned? 此外，还有 when, where, how, who, what, why 等引导的特殊 疑问句也常用来考查事实细节题。

40. 【应试技巧】 1.通读短文，领悟文章大意，理解文章结构层次及细节， 应特别注意： (1)五个 w (who, which, when, where, what)，一个 h (how)； (2)数字、日期、时间等； (3)同位语、破折号、括号、省略号等； (4)表示附加说明的词或短语，如：by the way, besides, what's more, in addition to, including, as well as 等； (5)倒装句及加强语气的词或短语，如： only when/by..., above all, mainly, mostly, certainly, indeed 等。 2.利用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，选出正确答案。

41. (三)推理判断题 推理判断题是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语 篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从 而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。它在阅读理解中属 于难度较高的题型。 【设题方式】 1.It can be inferred that... 2.We can infer from the passage/text/paragraph/fact/example that... 3.It can be concluded from the passage that... 4.The...paragraph implies that ________. 5.What is probably the main reason that...? 6.The passage is probably taken from a book about ________.

42. 【应试技巧】 这类题目要求考生纵观全文，在汇集短文提供的各项信息 的基础上，严格按照短文陈述的观点或描述的事实，进行正确 的、合乎逻辑的推论和引申，包括事情的前因后果、人物的目 的动机和性格特征、语言中的语态和语气等。有时还可能会假 设一种情况要求考生对原文中没有提到的情况进行推理想象， 对题目中提出的各种可能性进行推敲，从而选出符合原文信息 或作者本意的最佳答案。做这类题目时，要注意抓住关键词、 短语、句子或段落，透彻理解文章内容，注意文章结构层次和 逻辑关系，并结合阅读材料以外的有关生活、社会的常识，仔 细斟酌，作出准确的推断和引申。

43. (四)词句理解题 此类题目主要是利用语境(上下文)推测、判断某些生词词 义及句子的含义。它包括词义理解题和句意理解题。 【设题方式】 1.The underlined word “...” refers to... 2.The word “it” in the...paragraph refers to... 3.The word “...” could best be replaced by... 4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to... 5.What can we learn from the underlined sentence? 6.By saying “...”， the author means that...

44. 【应试技巧】 1.词义理解题的应试技巧 (1)利用语境、常识和写作修辞手段推断词义。 ①利用所需推断词汇前后的句子内容或系动词和破折号后 有解释作用的语句进行推断。 ②抓住文章主旨与该段所表达的中心，对于议论文特别要 牢记论点与论据谁与谁形式支撑关系，结合常识推断所说内容。 ③通过例证、比喻、对照、插入语等写作或修辞手段推断 词义。 (2)利用词根、前后缀与合成词推断词义。

45. 2.句意理解题的应试技巧 (1)根据题干缩小并锁定相关句段。 (2)挖掘选项异同点，寻找提示；排除选项中意义相同者， 缩小范围。 (3)利用各种词义理解技巧(如定义、解释、同位语、对比、 因果、同近义词、反义词等)逐一突破关键词。 (4)抓住表示因果、转折、递进、并列等关系的连词，准确 把握句内各分句以及该句所在段落各句间的逻辑关系。

46. (五)作者的意图、观点和态度题 此类题目通常要求考生在复杂的语境条件下把握作者的思 路，或在较深奥的措辞中探索作者的隐藏思想及真正的写作意 图，从某种意义上来说要求考生具有较高层次的阅读技能，因 此，该题型也是较难的题型之一。它的常见类型是考查对文章 的写作目的和作者主观态度的把握，或分析作者对某些细节的 描述是想说明什么或铺垫什么。

47. 【设题方式】 1.What does the author think of...? 2.Which of the following opinions does the author accept? 3.Why does the author say that...? 4.The author would agree that... 5.The writer’s purpose in writing this story is... 【应试技巧】 1.阅读时要以作者的思维模式为准绳，以原文提供的事实、 细节和逻辑关系为思维活动的基准点，切忌把自己的观点和看法 强加于原文。还要区分开作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度。 2.当作者的态度没有明确提出时，要根据作者使用词语的 褒贬性去判断作者的态度。

48. 根据近几年广东高考英语阅读理解的考题内容，下面对人根据近几年广东高考英语阅读理解的考题内容，下面对人 物传记、社会文化、逸闻趣事、史地常识、时文公告、议论说 理、科普知识、生态环保等八大主要题材的命题规律进行分析， 并给考生提供一些实用的解题技巧。 题材1 人物传记类 【命题规律】 人物传记以名人生平或逸事为主。体裁一般是记叙文，包 含时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法多采用时间、空 间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。近 年来，人物传记类阅读文章在高中阅读理解题中有所减少。

49. 【技巧点拨】 人物传记类文章多为记叙文，为了支撑所要描述的人物， 文章往往会出现大量细节，这些细节有时很直接，理解字面意 思即可；有时则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能判断。准 确理解细节是做好这类题目的关键。那么，应该怎样准确理解 细节呢？ 首先，从问题中找到关键词；然后以此为线索，运用略读 和查阅的技巧在文中迅速找细节；找到后再把这一部分内容仔 细阅读，认真比较选项和文中细节的区别；最后，在正确理解 细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。

50. Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Tucson, Arizona. He moved there a few years ago, and I was eager to see his new place and meet his friends. My earliest memories of my father are a tall, handsome, successful man devoted to his work and his family, but uncomfortable with his children. As a child I loved him; as a school girl and young adult ( 成 年 人 ) I feared him and felt bitter about him. He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A's and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as “successful” as he was. Whenever I went out with him on weekends, I used to struggle to think up things to say, feeling on guard.