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Transphobia

Transphobia. Talia Mae Bettcher , Ph.D. Some Preliminary Data. approximately 50% report history of unwanted or forced sex approximately 50% report history of physical violence NCAVP reports average of 215 anti-trans hate crimes per year

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Transphobia

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  1. Transphobia Talia Mae Bettcher, Ph.D.

  2. Some Preliminary Data • approximately 50% report history of unwanted or forced sex • approximately 50% report history of physical violence • NCAVP reports average of 215 anti-trans hate crimes per year • Remembering our Dead has tracked 350 trans people who were murdered

  3. Transphobia cannot be abstracted from other forms of oppression.

  4. specificity • QUESTION: Is a trans woman who presents and lives as a woman “gender-bending”, or is she following gender norms? • QUESTION: Who decides?

  5. The idea that trans people transgress gender norms can constitute a transphobic the identities of soinvalidation of me trans people.

  6. Types of Transphobia • different forms of transphobia apply to different groups of trans people • different forms of transphobia occur in different forms of discourse and social context

  7. Basic Denial of Authenticity

  8. I. Identity Enforcement You say I’m a man… I say I’m a woman You say I’m a woman… I say I’m a man I say I’m neither – or both… you say I have to choose. • enforcement of the meaning of words • enforcement of the meaning of bodies Basic Denial of Authenticity

  9. II. Appearance/Reality Contrast • really a so-and-so disguised as a such-and-such • living as a woman although “biologically male” • discovered to be “anatomically” such-and-such • “I never would have known you’re transgender…” Basic Denial of Authenticity

  10. III. Genital Verification • Extreme cases: • inappropriate touching • Forced exposure • Sneaky cases: • “have you had ‘the surgery’ yet?” • “are you a man or a woman?” • “discovered to be transgender” Basic Denial of Authenticity

  11. IV. Double Bind • hallmark of oppression: DAMNED IF YOU DO, DAMNED IF YOU DON’T • evil deceivers vs. make-believers Basic Denial of Authenticity

  12. V. Sexual violence as punishment • rape • other forms of sexual humiliation Basic Denial of Authenticity

  13. VI. Blaming the victim • “He (or she) tricked me” • moral invalidation; accusations of wrong-doing • equation of “sexual deception” with rape Basic Denial of Authenticity

  14. A Philosophical Story • gender presentation is taken to communicate genital status • gender is a mandatory system of sexual violence • trans people resist this system.

  15. Larger Oppressive Context • BDA occurs within a larger system of sexist oppression and sexual violence against women • BDA occurs within a larger system racial oppression and racialized sexual violence

  16. Concerns • trans people may uptake harmful behavior to “prove” their reality • external pressure to “pass”: quadruple-binds • transphobia within trans community: “real-er than thou”

  17. contact Dr. Talia Mae Bettcher tbettch@calstatela.edu Susan Forrest sforrest@bhs-inc.org

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