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Towards an Integrated Research Policy in the Area of Drug Discovery in the Arab Countries Including mechanisms to better utilization of their terrestrial and marine wealth . Bassem El-Menshawi NEPAD Sci & Technol Regional Coordinator for Northern Africa,
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Towards an Integrated Research Policy in the Area of Drug Discovery in the Arab Countries Including mechanisms to better utilization of their terrestrial and marine wealth. Bassem El-Menshawi NEPAD Sci & Technol Regional Coordinator for Northern Africa, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
DRUG DISCOVERY TYPES OF RESEARCH LABORATORIES NEEDED: This depends on the therapeutic class required
DRUGS TO BE DISCOVERED FOR EXAMPLE: IF PRIORITY GIVEN TO: -ANTITUMORS, -ANTICARCINOGENIC, -IMMUNOMODULATORY, -ANTIVIRAL AGENTS A CELL CULTURE LAB IS NEEDED
THE STATE OF THE ART OF DRUG DISCOVERY: • THE USE OF IN VITRO BIOASSAYS • THE USE OF CELL LINES (e.g. HUMAN TUMOR CELL LINES) ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESIn-Vitro Bioassays-Rapid, less selective, but diagnostic, less expensive, -suitable for minute amounts of materials, -suitable for screening large number of samples in Drug Discovery programs.In-Vivo Bioassays More selective, expensive, mostly Time Consuming,Animal model, require large amounts of material,hardly could guide the fractionation of extracts or mixture of compounds.
TYPES OF RESOURCES TO BE UTILIZED: Natural Resources Line : - Plants - Microbes (bacteria, fungi) - Marine Organisms Synthetic Line: - Novel Chemical Entities - Generics
THE BASIC CHEMICAL LABS: LAB FOR NATURAL PRODUCTS (Isolation of Natural Compounds) LAB FOR SYNTHESIS (Rational Pharmacological, & Computer Aided Drug Design)
IN ADDITION TO - ANTI-VIRAL TESTING LAB - PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE & TOXICOLOGY LAB
FOR BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTS A BIOTECH / MOLECULAR BIOLOGY FOR DISCOVERY OF ANTIBIOTICS: AMICROBIOLOGY / FERMENTATION LAB FOR ANTI-SCHISTOSOMIASIS: PARASITOLOGY LAB
THERAPEUTIC NATURAL PRODUCTS - ACTIVE COMPOUNDS - ACTIVE EXTRACTS - COMBINED ACTIVE EXTRACTS
METHODS OF DRUG DISCOVERY FROM NATURAL PRODUCTSHow the Active Principle be identified ? -Phytochemical Approach -Bio-Activity Approach -High Throughput Screening -Computer Aided HPLC/MS
EXISTING PROJECT MODEL: AT THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE, EGYPT A SEARCH FOR SCHISTOSOOMICIDAL, ANTITUMOR, ANTICARCINOGENIC, IMMUNOMODULATORY, AND ANTIVIRAL AGENTS IN EGYPTIAN PLANTS
This is a drugdiscovery program conducted at NRC • based on Egyptian plants, • utilizes universally accepted protocols for bioactivity-guided fractionation of plant extracts, • and in-Vitro Bioassays.
Under this project Egyptian plants are Bio-assayed for specific medicinal activities: • Schistosomicidal • Antitumor • Cancer chemopreventive [anticarcinogenic] • Immunomodulating • Antiviral
BIOACTIVITY APPROACH:-Extracts are screened for a specific medicinal activity (an in-vitro bioassay).-Only BioActive extracts are fractionated.-Active fractions are further fractionated to isolate the active compound(s) in pure form. -Characterization of its structure.
Only Bio-Active Extracts are subjected to Bioassay-Guided Fractionation, in 2 steps: • Initial Partitioning • Comprehensive Fractionation for the isolation of their active principles.
EX-VIVO BIOASSAY • In-Vivo / In-Vitro • Used for assaying the activity of compounds isolated in limited amounts, • untill additional materials could be obtained sufficient for in-vivo bioassy. • It detects the effect of in-vivo absorption and metabolism on compounds that are active in-vitro.
Active compounds isolated are then bioassayed in animal models to confirm the bioactivity and determine theirtherapeutic value and toxicity profiles.
The overall accomplishments After 3 years of the project’s life are as follows:
Conclusions-Screening Large Number of Natural Species-Using In Vitro Bioassays-For 5-10 Medicinal Activities
Conclusions:-Integrates Arab Natural wealth-Optimizes Arab IPR-Enhance the Invention in a Strategic Area
Conclusions- 1-3 Central Joint Research Lab (under one strategy, one mechanism, one protocol, and one leader).- Nodes in each country- Joint Surveying of Biodiversity-Joint Ownership of Products- Networking
Conclusions- Arab Meeting for Strategic Planning of Drug Discovery- Role of Bibliotheca Alexandrina
THIS PROJECT IS FUNDED BY THE ACADEMY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY, CAIRO, EGYPT, UNDER THE PROGRAM OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 1998.