Which body system acts in a way similar to a transportation system?

1. Which body system acts in a way similar to a transportation system? • circulatory • respiratory • nervous • excretory

2. Which of the following is NOT a part of the circulatory system? • heart • air passageway • blood vessels • blood

3. The roads of a city are similar to what structures in the circulatory system? • heart • air passageway • blood vessels • blood

4. In the walls of the heart, the thick layer of muscle is called the • epithelial tissue layer. • pericardium. • connective tissue layer. • myocardium.

5. Which of the following pathways is the largest of the circulatory system? • systemic circulation • pulmonary circulation • lymphatic circulation • coronary circulation

6. Where are the cells that make up the sinoatrial node, or pacemaker, located? • right atrium • left atrium • right ventricle • left ventricle

7. Which is the correct direction of blood flow? • right atrium ® right ventricle ® pulmonary artery • right atrium ® left atrium ® pulmonary artery • left ventricle ® pulmonary artery ® aorta • left ventricle ® left atrium ® aorta

8. In the heart, the mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood is prevented by the • mitral valve. • tricuspid valve. • septum. • pericardium.

9. Compared with the walls of arteries, the walls of veins • are thicker. • are thinner. • lack valves. • have more resistance.

10. Which of the following are the smallest of the blood vessels? • arteries • veins • lymphatic cells • capillaries

11. Which of the following is NOT a type of blood vessel? • artery • vein • lymphatic cell • capillary

12. The function of valves in the human circulatory system is to • stimulate the heartbeat. • accelerate the flow of blood. • prevent the backward flow of blood. • serve as a cushion to prevent friction.

13. Which of the following is NOT an effect of exercise on the body? • Exercise helps control your weight. • Exercise reduces stress. • Exercise makes your heart stronger and more efficient. • Exercise increases the size of veins.

14. Which of the following is true about blood pressure? • It is not affected by atherosclerosis. • It is lower in veins than in arteries. • It drops a great deal when traveling through arteries. • Diastolic pressure is higher than systolic pressure.

15. A blood pressure reading of 120/80 • indicates a diastolic blood prssure of 120. • is an indication of hypertension in a resting adult. • indicates a systolic blood pressure of 120. • is determined by using a sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure in the veins.

16. When the heart contracts, it produces a wave of fluid pressure in the • veins. • arteries. • capillaries. • pharynx.

17. Which organ helps to regulate blood pressure? • spleen • kidney • liver • gall bladder

18. When the blood pressure is constantly too high, the condition is known as • a heart attack. • hypertension. • atherosclerosis. • a stroke.

19. When an infection occurs, the number of • red blood cells increases. • red blood cells decreases. • white blood cells increases. • white blood cells decreases.

20. Which blood cells are most numerous in the body? • red • white • platelets • plasma

21. Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? • regulate filtration • regulate body temperature • transport nutrients • fight infection

22. Which of the following is correct about the composition of plasma? • It is 90 percent water. • It is 50 percent water. • It is 10 percent water. • It contains no water.

23. How much blood does the human body contain? • 1–2 liters • 4–6 liters • 8–10 liters • 12–14 liters

24. Which plasma proteins help to regulate osmotic pressure and blood volume? • albumins • globulins • fibrinogens • platelets

25. In Figure 37–1, what does Step B show? • a clot forming • the capillary wall breaking • the clumping of platelets • the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin

26. Into what substance is fibrinogen converted? • thrombin • fibrin • platelets • thromboplastin

27. Which of the following is the first step in blood clotting? • Thromboplastin converts prothrombin to thrombin. • Platelets release clotting factor. • Fibrin filaments produce a clot. • Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin.

28. Which of the following blood cells contain hemoglobin? • red blood cells • white blood cells • platelets • all of the above

29. Swollen lymph nodes might indicate • an infection. • high blood pressure. • varicose veins. • an irregular heartbeat.

30. Which body system collects the fluid that is lost by the blood and returns it to the circulatory system? • integumentary • lymphatic • respiratory • nervous

31. What is the term used to describe a swelling of the tissues due to the accumulation of excess fluid? • hemophilia • stroke • edema • hypertension

32. Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system? • collect and return lost fluid to the circulatory system • filter fluid • absorb protein • carry fat-soluble vitamins to the blood

33. The process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between cells, the blood, and air in the lungs is called • systemic circulation. • respiration. • emphysema. • cellular respiration.

34. Which of the following are signs that a person is breathing? • hearing or feeling air being exhaled from the nose • chest rising and falling • hearing or feeling air being exhaled from the mouth • all of the above

35. Which of the following activities is the best analogy for respiration? • exchanging gifts • giving a gift • receiving a gift • sitting in a chair

36. Which of the following statements about lungs is INCORRECT? • They are muscular. • They are elastic. • They are surrounded by pleura. • They are above the diaphragm.

37. What structure serves as a passageway for both air and food? • pharynx • trachea • larynx • bronchus

38. Air is filtered, warmed, and moistened in the • nose and mouth. • throat. • lungs. • pharynx.

39. Air is forced into the lungs by the contraction of the • alveoli. • bronchioles. • diaphragm. • heart.

40. Because there is more oxygen in an alveolus than in the blood around it, oxygen diffuses • from capillaries into the veins. • from arteries into the capillaries. • from alveoli into the blood. • from blood into the alveolus.

41. Generally speaking, what controls breathing? • the brain • the lungs • the diaphragm • the heart

42. The nicotine in cigarette smoke causes • blood pressure to decrease. • heart rate to increase. • blood pressure to increase. • both b and c.

43. Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer can be caused by • swollen bronchi. • enlarged alveoli. • groups of cancer cells. • smoking.

44. Which of the following is NOT contained in tobacco smoke? • carbon monoxide • caffeine • nicotine • tar

45. What gas, found in cigarette smoke, blocks the transport of oxygen by hemoglobin in the blood? • hydrogen peroxide • carbon dioxide • carbon monoxide • sodium bicarbonate

46. Humans have an open circulatory system. _________________________ • True • False

47. Flaps of connective tissue called valves are located between the atria and the ventricles. _________________________ • True • False

48. The lower chamber of each side of the heart, which pumps blood out of the heart, is the atrium. _________________________ • True • False

49. Except for the aorta, all arteries carry oxygen-rich blood. ______________________________ • True • False

50. The first number of a blood pressure measurement is the diastolic pressure. _________________________ • True • False