INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS & APLLICATION

1. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS & APLLICATION Eng. Mohammad Alenezi Content prepared by Eng. Ahmed Al-Sumait

3. Table of Content • What is a Computer? • Hardware • Hardware • Peripheral Devices • CPU • Storage • Software • Application software • Systems software • Computer Networks and the Internet • The Internet • The Internet • E-mail • World Wide Web • Web pages • Accessing Networks Needs • IP Addresses, URL’s and Domain Names • Protocol • Domain name & IP • URL • E-mail • Internet browser

4. What is a computer? • A computer is a machine that accepts data as input, processes it into information and presents the information as output or stores it.

5. Hardware • Hardware: • Hardware is all of the physical parts of in a computer system. • Hardware is the computer system itself and its peripheral devices. • the computer system consist of the CPU, RAM & system board • Peripheral Devices • Peripheral devices are all other attached devices such as keyboard, monitor, printer, Hard disk, floppy disk, CD & DVD drive, ports, modem, etc. • Peripheral device Classifications: • Input: Keyboard, mouse • Output: printer, monitor • Input/output: disk drive, sound card

6. Hardware CON • CPU • The CPU (Central Processing Unit or microprocessor chip) is at the heart of any Computer system. • The CPU performs all of the arithmetic, logical, data movement and other digestive Operations of the computer. • The CPU carries out program instructions • Peripheral devices may contain microprocessor chips (usually specialized) and/or RAM, but are not "computers“ • Storage • Two kinds of storage: Primary & Secondary • Primary Storage: RAM, or Random Access Memory (Volatile) • Secondary Storage: disk, CD, DVD, flask memory, etc • Volatile means all data in RAM are lost when power is turned off or lost

7. CPU • If you're talking about types (e.g. Pentium), you have AMD Phenom, Opteron, Athlon, Sempron, Duron. • On the Intel side, you have Celeron, Pentium(s), CoreDuo, Core2Duo, Core2Quads.

8. Storage

9. Hardware devices

10. example Input User type 2 +5 Processing computer adds 2 & 5 Output computer displays results (output) Storage computer saves output Data vs. information Data is a raw unorganized facts that input to computer to be processed Information is a data that has the computer processed into meaningful form

11. Hardware examples

12. Software Software is the programs or instructions that are used to tell the Computer hardware what to do Two basic kinds of software: Application & Systems software • Application software: • Performs specific tasks or applications for an end user • Word Processor • Spreadsheet • Accounting • File Manager • Game • Checkbook organizer • Email • Programming language: set of commands written in form that computer can read & use • Systems software: • Allows a computer to operate and run application software. • The Operating System (OS) start up the computer & control its operation • Microcomputer OS's: Windows, MAC as, Linux • Larger Computer OS's: Linux, UNIX, AIX, Solaris, OS400 • OSVersions: Windows 95, Windows ME, Windows 2000, Windows XP

13. Boot processing • Power on • Boot “ part of the computer OS loaded into the memory” • Diagnostic • Launches programs “ antivirus, instant messaging” • Start up PC • User interface • Command line • Graphical user interface (GUI) • Windows • Icons • Menus • Toolbars • Taskbar • Hyperlinks • Sizing buttons • Dialog boxes

14. Computer to fit every need • Mobile devices • Personal computer • Midrange server • Mainframe • Supercomputers Mainframe supercomputer

15. Computer Networks and the Internet • A network is two or more intelligent devices connected by communication link or wirelessly • Network is a collection of hardware and other devices that are connected together so that users can share hardware, software and data. LAN (local area network) Local network connecting computers within the same building WAN (wide area network) more than one local network connecting together

16. Server network The other computers on a network that access network resources through the network server are called clients

17. Wireless network

18. Networks examples

20. The Internet • The Internet is the largest and most well known computer network in the world. • E-mail and surfing the Web are two of the most common Internet activities. • Internet is made up of • ISP's (internet service provider) • Regional networks (large network) • Backbone networks (major high-speed network) • Web servers

21. The World Wide Web refers to all of the web pages available on all the HTTP web servers on the Internet • Web sit is a collection of web pages are stored on computers called web servers • Web pages are accessed with a web browser program like Internet Explorer, Safari, Netscape, Firefox or Opera • Internet is not the same thing as the World Wide Web • The Internet is the infrastructure for the World Wide Web • The Internet is also the infrastructure for email and file sharing, for instance • Accessing Networks Needs • Modem or other network adapter • dialup via the public telephone network or broadband such as cable, DSL, satellite • Web browser • ISP: a service that connects you to the Internet • User ID and password to log on

22. Modem A device used to attach your computer to telephone system , convert data into sound which is sent over the telephone line, the receiving modem turn the sound into data which computer can understand

23. IP Addresses. URL’s and Domain Names • Protocol • http = Hypertext Transport Protocol • ftp= File Transfer Protocol • Domain name & IP • A domain name is an alias for an IP (Internet Protocol) address: • 149.48.228.139 for www.pbskids.org • www.deitacollege.edu = 72.3.225.60 • Your browser's address bar will recognize IP addresses just as well as domain names. • Every domain name and IP address is unique on the Internet • Every web server on the Internet has an IP address, and your computer has one too. • Domain Name Registrars administer Domain names and IP addresses • Generic TLD's (top level domain): .com, .org, .net, .gov, .mil, and the newer .biz, .info, etc. • Country TLD's: .de = Germany, .sc = Seychelles Island, .kw = ? • www.pbskids.org is a domain name (everything after the protocol up to the next slash, if any)

24. IP Addresses. URL’s and Domain Names • URL (Uniform Resource Locater) the combination of protocol, domain name (Or IP address), folder and page (file) name all taken together. • E-mail • E-mail addresses uniquely identify a mail user and a mail server, Separated by an @ • No blank spaces are allowed • (blank spaces are allowed in a web page name, but your browser will Replace them with "%20") • Internet browser • Address Bar: where you can type a URL of a page you want to see. Contains the URL of the page you are currently viewing • Home Page: the page you see when you start your browser (to Change: Tools I Internet Options I General I Use Current) • Hyperlinks: take you to a different page when you click on them • can be text or graphics • Your mouse cursor changes to a hand when hovering on a hyperlink • History list: tracks the URL‘ you've visited in the past x weeks • Under the little turns back the clock glyph on the IE tool bar • Search sites: Google, Yahoo, Ask

25. IP Addresses. URL’s and Domain Names http:// http:// www.google.com/ filename /Index.html Protocol web server domain folder page

26. Pronouncing internet address • The @ at • The . dot • The / slash • Using favorites Called favorites in Internet Explorer and bookmarks in Netscape, that allows you to save URLs • Searching the web