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Maximizing Efficiency in Data Center Design: Strategies and Innovations

Explore cutting-edge approaches to data center design for increased efficiency, cost savings, and environmental sustainability. Learn about containerized products, modular solutions, power density considerations, and more. Discover how these advancements can revolutionize data center operations and resource management.

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Maximizing Efficiency in Data Center Design: Strategies and Innovations

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  1. Commodity Data Center Design James Hamilton 2007-10-08 JamesRH@microsoft.com http://research.microsoft.com/~jamesrh

  2. Containerized Products Nortel Steel Enclosure Containerized telecom equipment Caterpillar Portable Power Rackable Systems Concentro 1,152 Systems in 40’ (9,600 cores/3.5 PB) Datatainer ZoneBox Rackable Systems Container Cooling Model Google WillPower Will Whitted Petabox Internet Archive Brewster Kahle Sun Project Black Box 242 systems in 20’

  3. Cooling, Feedback, & Air Handling Gains • Tighter control of air-flow increased delta-T and overall system efficiency • Expect increased use of special enclosures, variable speed fans, and warm machine rooms • CRACs closer to servers for tighter temp control feedback loop • Container takes one step further with very little air in motion, variable speed fans, & tight feedback between CRAC and load Verari Intel Intel

  4. Shipping Container as Data Center Module • Data Center Module • Contains network gear, compute, storage, & cooling • Just plug in power, network, & chilled water • Increased cooling efficiency • Variable water & air flow • Better air flow management (higher delta-T) • 80% air handling power reductions (Rackable Systems) • Bring your own data center shell • Just central networking, power, cooling, security & admin center • Can be stacked 3 to 5 high • Less regulatory issues (e.g. no building permit) • Avoids (for now) building floor space taxes • Political/Social issues • USA PATRIOT act concerns & regional restrictions • Move resources closer to customer (CDN mini-centers) • Single customs clearance on import • Single FCC compliance certification • Distributed, incremental fast built mini-centers

  5. Manufacturing & H/W Admin. Savings • Factory racking, stacking & packing much more efficient • Robotics and/or inexpensive labor • Avoid layers of packaging • Systems->packing box->pallet->container • Materials cost and wastage and labor at customer site • Data Center power & cooling expensive consulting contracts • Data centers are still custom crafted rather than prefab units • Move skill set to module manufacturer who designs power & cooling once • Installation design to meet module power, network, & cooling specs • More space efficient • Power densities in excess of 1250 W/sq ft • Rooftop or parking lot installation acceptable (with security) • Stack 3 to 5 high • Service-Free • H/W admin contracts can exceed 25% of systems cost • Sufficient redundancy that it just degrades over time • At end of service, return for remanufacture & recycling • 20% to 50% of systems outages caused by Admin error (A. Brown & D. Patterson)

  6. Systems & Power Density • Estimating datacenter power density difficult (15+ year horizon) • Power is 40% of DC costs • Power + Mechanical: 55% of cost • Shell is roughly 15% of DC cost • Cheaper to waste floor than power • Typically 100 to 200 W/sq ft • Rarely as high as 350 to 600 W/sq ft • Modular DC eliminates impossible shell to power trade-off • Add modules until power is absorbed • 480VAC to container • High efficiency DC distribution within • High voltage to rack can save >5% over 208VAC • Over 20% of entire DC costs is in power redundancy • Batteries able to supply up to 12 min at some facilities • N+2 generation at over $2M each • Instead, use more smaller, cheaper data centers • Eliminate redundant power & bulk of shell costs • Resource equalization

  7. Where do you Want to Compute Today? Slides posted soon to: http://research.microsoft.com/~JamesRH

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