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CHAPTER 6

CHAPTER 6. A TOUR OF THE CELL. LEARNING ABOUT THE CELL. YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR READING AND LEARNING THE MATERIAL IN THIS CHAPTER ON YOUR OWN. YOU WILL BE TESTED ON THIS CHAPTER ALONG WITH CHAPTER 7, AND WILL DO A LAB.

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CHAPTER 6

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  1. CHAPTER 6 A TOUR OF THE CELL

  2. LEARNING ABOUT THE CELL • YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR READING AND LEARNING THE MATERIAL IN THIS CHAPTER ON YOUR OWN. YOU WILL BE TESTED ON THIS CHAPTER ALONG WITH CHAPTER 7, AND WILL DO A LAB. • THE FOLLOWING SLIDES WILL HIGHLIGHT THE IMPORTANT MATERIAL THAT YOU MUST BE SURE TO LEARN AND UNDERSTAND

  3. MICROSCOPES • ROBERT HOOKE-1665 • MAGNIFICATION AND RESOLVING POWER • THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF MICROSCOPES AND WHEN THEY ARE USED

  4. ORGANELLES TO KNOW FOR QUIZ • MITOCHONDRION CENTRIOLES • LYSOSOMES CHROMOSOMES • GOLGI BODY NUCLEUS • RIBOSOMES CHLOROPLASTS • CYTOPLASM CELL WALL • CELL MEMBRANE NUCLEOLUS • NUCLEAR MEMBRANE MICROVILLI • VACUOLE • ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

  5. STUDYING CELL ORGANELLES • CELL FRACTIONATION- • WHAT IS IT AND HOW IS IT USED? • WHAT IS THE PROCESS INVOLVED IN CELL FRACTIONATION?

  6. A PANORAMIC V IEW OF THE CELL • PROKARYOTIC V. EUKARYOTIC CELLS • KNOW AND UNDERSTAND THE MAJOR DIFFERENCES • PROKARYOTES ARE FOUND ONLY IN BACTERIA AND ARCHAEBACTERIA • EVERYTHING ELSE IS EUKARYOTIC

  7. PROKARYOTIC CELL

  8. CELL SIZE • HOW DOES CELL SIZE EFFECT FUNCTION? • KNOW ABOUT SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIO • WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?

  9. THE NUCLEUS • WHAT IS INSIDE OF THE NUCLEUS? • WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE? • TERMS: • CHROMATIN, CHROMOSOMES, NUCLEOLUS, NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZERS

  10. THE NUCLEUS AND ITS ENVELOPE

  11. RIBOSOMES • WHAT IS THEIR FUNCTION? • FREE RIBOSOMES V. BOUND RIBOSOMES

  12. THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM • WHAT IS IT AND HOW DOES IT WORK? • WHAT STRUCTURES ARE INCLUDED IN THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM? • WHAT ARE VESICLES?

  13. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (E.R.) • FUNCTIONS? • SMOOTH E.R. V. ROUGH E.R. • YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT BOTH TYPES -STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

  14. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

  15. GOLGI APPARATUS • KNOW THE FUNCTION • CIS FACE V. TRANS FACE • HOW DO THEY DIFFER IN BOTH STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION????

  16. GOLGI APPARATUS

  17. LYSOSOMES • FUNCTION? • OPTIMAL pH? • FUNCTION OF LYSOSOMAL MEMBRANES? • INTRACELLULAR DIGESTION • PHAGOCYTOSIS

  18. LYSOSOME

  19. VACOULES • FUNCTION • TYPES: FOOD VACUOLE CONTRACTILE VACUOLE CENTRAL VACUOLE

  20. PLANT CELL VACUOLE

  21. RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ENDOMEMBRANES • COMPONENTS OF THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM ARE RELATED THROUGH DIRECT CONTACT OR THROUGH VESICLES

  22. ENDOMEMBRANE RELATIONSHIPS SMOOTH E.R. NUCLEAR ENVELOPE ROUGH E.R. VESICLES GOLGI APPARATUS LYSOSOMES & VACUOLES PLASMA MEMBRANE VESICLES

  23. RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ENDOMEMBRANES

  24. PEROXISOMES • FUNCTIONS? • HOW DO THEY PRODUCE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE? • SPECIALIZED PEROXISOMES • GLYOXYSOMES

  25. MITOCHONDRIA • FUNCTIONS? • STRUCTURE • INTERMEMBRANE SPACE • MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX

  26. MITOCHONDRIA

  27. CHLOROPLASTS • KNOW ABOUT EACH OF THE FOLLOWING • PLASTIDS • AMYLOPLASTS • CHROMOPLASTS • CHLOROPLASTS • STRUCTURE • INTERMEMBRANE SPACE • THYLAKOID SPACE • STROMA

  28. CHLOROPLAST

  29. CYTOSKELETON • HOW DOES THE CYTOSKELETON ORGANIZE THE STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITIES OF THE CELL? • MICROTUBULES • TUBULIN STRUCTURE • FUNCTIONS

  30. CYTOSKELETON

  31. CENTROSOMES AND CENTRIOLES • FUNCTION • STRUCTURE

  32. CENTROSOMES AND CENTRIOLES

  33. CILIA AND FLAGELLA • FUNCTION • STRUCTURE • HOW ARE THEY SIMILAR AND HOW ARE DIFFERENT??? • MICROTUBULAR CORE:9 +2 PATTERN • BASAL BODY • DYNEIN

  34. STRUCTURE OF FLAGELLA OR CILIA

  35. BEATING OF FLAGELLA V. CILIA

  36. MICROFILAMENTS • STRUCTURE • FUNCTION • HOW DO THEY WORK IN MUSCLE CONTRACTION? • INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS

  37. MICROFILAMENTS AND MOTILITY

  38. CELL SURFACES AND JUNCTIONS • CELL WALLS • SECONDARY CELL WALLS • EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) • INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS • PLASMODESMATA • TIGHT JUNCTIONS • DESMOSOMES • GAP JUNCTIONS

  39. PLANT CELL WALLS

  40. EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX

  41. INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS IN ANIMALS

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