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Intelligent Storage Systems

Section 1 : Storage System. Intelligent Storage Systems. Chapter 4. Chapter Objectives. After completing this module, you will be able to: Describe components of intelligent storage system List benefits of intelligent storage system Explain intelligent cache algorithms and protection

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Intelligent Storage Systems

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  1. Section 1 : Storage System Intelligent Storage Systems Chapter 4

  2. Chapter Objectives After completing this module, you will be able to: • Describe components of intelligent storage system • List benefits of intelligent storage system • Explain intelligent cache algorithms and protection • Describe implementation of intelligent storage system • High-end storage array • Midrange storage array

  3. What is an Intelligent Storage System Intelligent Storage Systems are RAID arrays that are: • Highly optimized for I/O processing • Have large amounts of cache for improving I/O performance • Have operating environments that provide: • Intelligence for managing cache • Array resource allocation • Connectivity for heterogeneous hosts • Advanced array based local and remote replication options

  4. Benefits of an Intelligent Storage System Intelligent storage system provides several benefits over a collection of disks in an array (JBOD) or even a RAID arrays: • Increased capacity • Improved performance • Easier data management • Improved data availability and protection • Enhanced Business Continuity support • Improved security and access control

  5. Intelligent Storage System Front End Back End Physical Disks Cache FC SAN Components of an Intelligent Storage System Host Connectivity

  6. FC SAN Intelligent Storage System: Front End Intelligent Storage System Host Front End Back End Physical Disks Cache Connectivity Ports Controllers

  7. Front End Command Queuing A D C B A D C B A D C I/O Requests I/O Processing B Order Front-End Cylinders Controller Without Optimization (FIFO) A D C B A D B C A D C I/O Requests I/O Processing B Order Front-End Cylinders Controller With command queuing

  8. FC SAN Intelligent Storage System: Cache Intelligent Storage System Front End Back End Physical Disks Host Cache Connectivity

  9. Write Operation with Cache Write-through Cache Cache WriteRequest Acknowledgement Write-back Cache WriteRequest Acknowledgement Acknowledgement

  10. Read Operation with Cache: ‘Hits’ and ‘Misses’ Data found in cache = ‘Hit’ Cache ReadRequest No data found = ‘Miss’ Cache ReadRequest

  11. Cache Management: Algorithms • Least Recently Used (LRU) • Discards least recently used data • Most Recently Used (MRU) • Discards most recently used data New Data Oldest Data

  12. Cache Management: Watermarking • Manage peak I/O requests “bursts” through flushing/de-staging • Idle flushing, High Watermark flushing and Forced flushing • For maximum performance: • Provide headroom in write cache for I/O bursts 100 % HWM LWM Idle flushing High watermark flushing Forced flushing

  13. Cache Data Protection • Protecting cache data against failure: • Cache mirroring • Each write to the cache is held in two different memory locations on two independent memory cards • Cache vaulting • Cache is exposed to the risk of uncommitted data loss due to power failure

  14. FC SAN Intelligent Storage System: Back End Intelligent Storage System Host Front End Back End Physical Disks Cache Connectivity Controllers Ports

  15. FC SAN Intelligent Storage System: Physical Disks Intelligent Storage System Host Front End Back End Physical Disks Cache Connectivity

  16. LUN 0 LUN 0 LUN 1 LUN 1 What the Host Sees – RAID Sets and LUNs Host 1 Intelligent Storage System Front End Back End Physical Disks Cache Connectivity FC SAN Host 2

  17. LUN Masking • LUN masking is access control mechanism • Process of masking LUNs from unauthorized access • Implemented on storage arrays • Storage group logical entity that contains one or more LUNs and one host

  18. Also referred as Active-active arrays I/O’s are serviced through all the available path Following are high-end array capabilities: Large storage capacity Huge cache to service host I/Os Fault tolerance architecture Multiple front-end ports and support to interface protocols High scalability Ability to handle large amounts of concurrent I/Os Designed for large enterprises Controller Controller A B LUN Port Port ISS Implementation: High-end Storage Systems Active-Active Configuration Active Active Host Storage Array

  19. Controller Controller A B LUN Port Port Midrange Storage Systems • Also referred as Active-passive arrays • Host can perform I/Os to LUNs only through active paths • Other paths remain passive till active path fails • Midrange array have two controllers, each with cache, RAID controllers and disks drive interfaces • Designed for small and medium enterprises • Less scalable as compared to high-end array Active-Passive Configuration Active Passive Host Storage Array

  20. Chapter Summary Key points covered in this chapter: • Intelligent Storage Systems features • Components of Intelligent Storage Systems • Cache management algorithms • Intelligent Storage System implementation • High-end storage array • Mid range storage array

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