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What was the nature of conquest in the new world? And who was primarily responsible?

Explore the nature of conquest in the New World and identify the primary responsible parties. Discover the cultural areas of Native Americans, European movements onto Indian land, the Columbian Exchange, and the impact of Spanish and French explorations.

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What was the nature of conquest in the new world? And who was primarily responsible?

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  1. What was the nature of conquest in the new world?And who was primarily responsible?

  2. Culture area CULTURE AREAS OF NATIVE AMERICANS

  3. Evolution of Native Culture Pre-Columbus:Southeast, Northeast, Northwest, Southwest

  4. Misconceptions of Native Americans • All tribes were the same culturally • All tribes did not evolve • Civilizations were not advanced

  5. Southeast /Mesoamerica • Mound Builders • Farming • Houses with thatched roofs • Higher advanced tribes invaded and evolved from Five Civilized Tribes • Elaborate social structure • Natchez grow to dominate through war • Removed as high functioning societies in 1830’s

  6. Northeast • Iroquios nation • Firmly knit without social hierarchy but still with major leaders • Model of U.S. democracy • Remained powerful until revolution • Farming

  7. Southwest • Advanced • Agricultural • High art • Generally classless • Theocratic in nature • Rested with will of people

  8. Northwest • Hunting and fishing • High art totem poles • Heavily forested • Cut off from other civilizations • Slavery existed • Heavy competition between tribes

  9. European movement EUROPEAN MOVEMENT ONTO INDIAN LAND

  10. Indirect Causes of European Explorations

  11. Direct Causes = 3 G’s • Political: Become a world power through gaining wealth and land. (GLORY) • Economic: Search for new trade routes with direct access to Asian/African luxury goods would enrich individuals and their nations (GOLD) • Religious: spread Christianity and weaken Middle Eastern Muslims. (GOD) The 3 motives reinforce each other

  12. NEW WORLD OLD WORLD

  13. explorers

  14. Columbian Exchangeor the transfer of goods involved 3 continents, Americas, Europe and Africa * Squash * Avocado * Peppers * Sweet Potatoes* Turkey * Pumpkin * Tobacco * Quinine* Cocoa * Pineapple * Cassava * POTATO* Peanut * Tomato * Vanilla * MAIZE * Syphillis * Olive * Coffee Beans * Banana * Rice* Onion * Turnip * Honeybee * Barley* Grape * Peach * Sugar Cane * Oats* Citrus Fruits * Pear * Wheat * HORSE* Cattle * Sheep * Pig * Smallpox* Flu * Typhus * Measles * Malaria* Diptheria * Whooping Cough

  15. The Spanish • Spanish first to pursue colonization • Start in Caribbean, then Central and South America—most important was conquest of Aztecs by Cortez (1521) and Incas by Pizzaro (1531) • First permanent colonies in what will become United States are founded by Spain • St. Augustine (Florida) is founded (1565) to protect Spanish treasure fleets

  16. Explorers Sailing For Spain • Columbus - Italian sailing for Spain - Landed in the “West Indies” - 1492 • Magellan - Portuguese sailing for Spain - 1st to circumnavigate the world - 1522

  17. Spanish empire by the 1600’s consisted of the • part of North America • Central America • Caribbean Islands • Much of South America.

  18. First Spanish Conquests: The AztecsCortes conquered Aztec Empire in 1519 and took control of modern day Mexico. vs. Hernando Cortés Montezuma II

  19. Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Explorers Conquistadores Missionaries EuropeanColonialEmpire Permanent Settlers

  20. The Colonial Class System PeninsularesSpanish ancestory CreolesSpanish and Black mixture. MestizosSpanish and Indian mixture MulattosWhite American and Black mixture Black Slaves Native Indians

  21. ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM • 1. Spanish practice of securing an adequate and cheap labor supply = FEUDALISM • “granted” to deserving subjects of the King • 2. Conquistador controlled Indian populations • Required Indians to pay tribute from their lands • Indians often rendered personal services as well. • 3. In return the conquistador was obligated to • protect his wards • instruct them in the Christian faith • defend their right to use the to live off the land • 4. Encomienda system eventually decimated Indian population.

  22. The French • French settle Quebec (1608) & Montreal (1642) and what would become Canada • Control St. Lawrence River & access to interior of North America • Develop a fur trade • Couier do Bois

  23. What was the nature of conquest in the new world.And who was primarily responsible?

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