Naval Science & Technology Tutorial

1. Naval Science & Technology Tutorial Captain Stephen Hancock Military Deputy to the Technical Director, Office of Naval Research presented to the 5th Annual Science & Engineering Technology Conference sponsored by the National Defense Industrial Association 21 April 2004 North Charleston, South Carolina http://www.onr.navy.mil

2. Outline • Mission • Investment • Portfolio • Recently delivered • On the horizon • Summary

3. Affordable Weapon Thermobarics REMUS Naval Research delivers… …for Sailors and Marines

4. Thomas Edison Josephus Daniels Harry S Truman Vannevar Bush Naval Research: An Enduring and Evolving Mission Naval Research Laboratory (Appropriations Act, 1916): “[Conduct] exploratory and research work … necessary… for the benefit of Government service, including the construction, equipment, and operation of a laboratory….” Office of Naval Research (Public Law 588, 1946):“… plan, foster, and encourage scientific research in recognition of its paramount importance as related to the maintenance of future naval power, and the preservation of national security.… ” Transitioning S&T (Defense Authorization Act, 2001):“…manage the Navy’s basic, applied, and advanced research to foster transition from science and technology to higher levels of research, development, test, and evaluation.”

5. Outline • Mission • Investment • Portfolio • Recently delivered • On the horizon • Summary

6. Integrated, Use-Inspired Research Science & Technology • Basic Research (6.1) • Applied Research (6.2) • Advanced Technology Development (6.3) • Development (6.4-6.6) Research, Development, Test, & Evaluation Advanced Technology Development—REMUS AUV Basic Research—Shoaling Waves Experiment Applied Research—Wave Modeling and Prediction Peer review of portfolios, not proposals

7. Naval S&T in Context:FY 2005 President’s Budget $119B Secretary of the Navy Assistant Secretary of the Navy Research, Development and Acquisition 29B Research and Development 16.3B Acquisition 11 Program Executive Officers 1.7B Aircraft carriers VCNO & ACMC Basic Research Applied Research Advanced Tech. Development Test & Evaluation DEM/Val EMD Op. Systems Development Combat ships Office of Naval Research 2 Direct Reporting Program managers Submarines Naval Research Lab 6 Systems Commands Aircraft Warfare Centers Weapons systems 14.6B 54 Major Program managers Ammunition PEOs, Systems Commands, Warfare Centers 467 Program managers Combat boots Source: FY05 Blue Book, FY05 R-1

8. 10% 21% 6.3 69% 59% 6.1 14% 27% 23% Naval Labs and Centers 42% 6.2 35% University & Nonprofit Industry Naval S&T Investment by Performer $237M $81M $173M $58M $568M $109M $170M $267M $316M FY03 $M as reported in the FY04 National Science Foundation Survey of Federal Funds for RDT&E

9. S&T Investment Categories POM 06 • Innovative Naval Prototypes (INPs) • Affordable Weapon • Half-Length Torpedo • Electromagnetic Gun • Hy Fly-Hypersonic Strike • Free Electron Lasers • UCAV-N • X-Craft • UESA • Discovery & Invention (D&I) • NRL Base Program • Science shortfalls in topics with Naval interest • Nurturing science opportunity • High impacts/surprises • Health of Academic pipeline – ideas/workforce • National Naval Responsibilities • Ocean Acoustics • Undersea Weaponry • Naval Engineering • Virtual Technologies & Environments • Persistent Littoral Undersea surveillance • SEA Basing Enablers • Tactical Use of Space • 36 MW Superconducting Motor • Advanced Multifunction RF System Future Naval Capabilities (FNCs) Quick Reaction and Other • Time Critical Strike (TCS) • Organic Mine Countermeasures (OMCM) • Knowledge Superiority & Assurance (KSA) • Littoral Antisubmarine Warfare (LASW) • Expeditionary Logistics (ExLog) • Fleet/Force Protection (FFP) • Littoral Combat and Power Projection (LCCP) • Missile Defense (MD) • Advanced Capability Electric systems (ACES) • Autonomous Ops (AO) • Total Ownership Cost Reduction (TOC) • Capable Manpower (CM) • Warfighter Protection (WP) • Other • Pass-Through - to JFCOM • OSD Directed • Infrastructure - Efforts enabling ONR’s mission execution such as IFO, conferences, outreach • Quick Reaction • SwampWorks • Tech Solutions • MCWL

10. S&T Funding FY 04 (PB, $M) 668.5 500.0 344.5 201.3 Total President’s Budget S&T 1,714.3 528.0 Total DoN S&T Funding 2,242.3 Three S&T Portfolio Categories 1. Discovery and Invention (D&I) 6.1 & early 6.2. . . . . . . . . . 2. Future Naval Capabilities (FNC) late 6.2 & 6.3 6.2. . . . . . . 3. Other Exploitation & Deployment (E&D) late 6.2 & 6.3 6.2. Other S&T Pass-through and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • JFCOM, Naval Warfighting Experiments, etc Congressional Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11. Outline • Mission • Investment • Portfolio • Recently delivered • On the horizon • Summary

12. S&T for Naval Transformation Selected transformational projects funded in FNCs and elsewhere in DoN S&T Affordable Weapon Sea Shield Half-length torpedo NAVAL POWER 21--transformational roadmap EM Gun Hy Fly - hypersonic strike Electron Lasers UCAV-N Sea Trial X-Craft CVN-21: EMALS Sea Strike FORCEnet Sea Warrior Electric Ship UESA Sea Enterprise 36MW Superconducting motor Autonomous Vehicles Advanced Multi-function RF System Virtual At-Sea Training Sea Basing Virtual Technologies & Environments Sea Basing Total Ownership costs: e.g., Tank Coatings

13. Positioning in market Naval Unique Naval Interest Naval Harvest Value proposition: Reduced time-to-market Motivation for investment Transformational concept of operation Technology opportunity Capability gap Framework for Naval S&T Strategy • $ value of output product x • probability of success • $ invested

14. Valuing Naval S&T • FNCs • Transitionable products • Quantifiable by value of products • Innovative Naval Prototypes • Transformational options • Quantifiable by value of products Discovery & Invention • Future capabilities & options • Lower cost of present capability

15. National Naval Responsibilities What we do all the time: • Naval environment is distinctive and complex • Naval science and technology must maintain areas critical to ensuring Naval superiority: • Robust U.S. research community • Adequate pipeline of new scientists and engineers in Naval-unique disciplines • Ensured future S&T products to Naval forces • National Naval Responsibilities: • Ocean Acoustics • Underwater Weaponry • Naval Engineering • Undersea Medicine (consideration)

16. Discovery & Invention – Grand Challenges The Grand Challenges are: • Visionary—for the Navy & Marine Corps after Next • Compelling—answering a Naval need • Long-term—completed over 20 to 50 years • Very difficult, but probably achievable • Multi-disciplinary with multiple participants and multiple opportunities But not • Mere linear extensions of present programs • Massive engineering projects Four Grand Challenges (established 1998; vetted by Jasons and NSB): • Naval Battlespace Awareness • Electrical Power Sources for Naval Forces • Naval Materials by Design • Multifunctional Electronics for Intelligent Naval Sensors Images courtesy Nobel e-Museum

17. Fleet/ Force Protection Littoral Combat & Power Projection Future Naval Capabilities(FNCs) What we do for tomorrow: • Advanced Capability Electric Systems • Autonomous Operations • Capable Manpower • Fleet / Force Protection • Knowledge Superiority & Assurance • Littoral Antisubmarine Warfare • Littoral Combat & Power Projection • Expeditionary Logistics • Missile Defense • Organic Mine Countermeasures • Time Critical Strike • Total Ownership Cost Reduction • Warfighter Protection Autonomous Operations Warfighter Protection Missile Defense Investment: ~$500M per year

18. Innovative Naval Prototypes(under consideration) • X-Craft • Hi-Fly • Sea Flyer • Silver Fox • Affordable Weapon System • UCAV-N / X-47A • Half-length Torpedo • High Temperature Superconducting Motor • Free Electron Laser • Rail Gun • Littoral Netted ASW • Sea Base Enablers • Space—MicroSat / TacSat

19. Outline • Mission • Investment • Portfolio • Recently delivered • On the horizon • Summary

20. X-band power density 30 25 20 GaN power density SiN Passivation; Advanced Epi 15 SiC substrate 10 5 Best SiC sapphire Best GaAs 0 1/02 1/04 1/96 1/98 1/00 Basic Research Payoff –Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Materials • Microwave receivers • Military aircraft radars • Military RF detectors • Cell phones • Multicolored displays • Power switching devices • … Creating an industry through universities and small businesses…

21. Specific Emitter IdentificationRF fingerprints SEI extracts subtle but persistent features of a radar signal to create a fingerprint unique to a specific radar. AN/UYX-4 SEI equipped USS Benfold patrols Arabian Gulf From container ships… …to dhows Vessel identification and tracking becomes a science, no longer an art

22. Autonomous Undersea Vehicles:Robots do the dangerous work • Tactically Adaptable Crawlers • Magnetic Sensors • CCD Camera • Long Base Line • Battlespace Preparation AUV • Recon/minehunting • Long endurance (17hrs) -Klein 5400 Sidescan Sonar • - GPS/INS - CAD/CAC Deployable, affordable, adaptable systems find mines REMUS at war—Um Qasr, Feb 03 • Gliders • Environmental sensors • Transoceanic range • REMUS • Sidescan sonar • CAD / CAC • DIDSON sonar • Integrated comms/nav system • Long baseline/GPS • Payload Delivery

23. ThermobaricsDelivered in < 6 months Gardez, Afghanistan—cave complexes struck 3 Mar 02 DTRA tests BLU 118B, 14 Dec 01 BLU 118B at NSWC-IH 30 years of basic chemistry yields combat options

24. Virtual At Sea Training (VAST) (instead of Vieques) USS O’Bannon trains with VAST Realistic fire support training no longer needs a range Constructive Air ASW Training in Port

25. Digital Precision Strike SuiteStrike for special operations Barrage Round Digital Precision Strike Suite (DPSS) links strike aircraft and special operators Digital Precision Strike Suite made F-14s strike aircraft of choice over Afghanistan & Iraq

26. Titanium Fabrication Processesfor Expeditionary Howitzer Reduces M777 155mm howitzer weight by 45% M777 spade production began October 2003. Spade Saddle Cradle Tubes M777 saddle and cradle tubes will enter production October 2004. Saves $45M over 650 unit production run

27. Outline • Mission • Investment • Portfolio • Recently delivered • On the horizon • Summary

28. What’s coming • Investments with potentially significant cost reductions • Materials and processes • Training and manning • Persistent surveillance technologies • Autonomous systems • Hypersonic strike: EM gun and hypersonic cruise missile • New surface ship technologies: materials, propulsion, surveillance systems

29. Broad Bandwidth GaN Power Amp Ultra-High Speed InP DHBT integrated circuits 100 GHz Low Phase Noise Clock Advanced Multi-Function RF Next Generation Radar Requirements: • High dynamic range • Wide instantaneous bandwidth • High sensitivity • Multi-functionality • Multi-beam capability • Search, track, and discriminate capability • Clutter rejection • Low sidelobes • Adaptive nulling • Illumination • Detection • Enabling Technologies: • High Power Solid State Amplifiers • Improved efficiencies and multi-octave bandwidths. • Achieved factor of 5 increase in power levels over GaAs • Projected replacement of all Vacuum Electronics in fleet • Direct Digital Beamforming at Microwave Frequencies • Demonstrated word record DDS at 4.6 GHz RF • Projected DDS to 20 GHz frequency • Multiple simultaneous beam capacity • 80+ GHz Flip-Flops achieved @ (120GHz projected) • 100 GHz sources with 120dBc @ 1Khz (projected) • 5GHz Center Frequency, up to 500 MHz programmable bandwidth ADC’s (projected) • New Software Definable RF Apertures and Architectures Low-Power AlSb/InAs Sensor Devices

30. Zero Maintenance Materials Nanostructured coatings with unprecedented damage tolerance & bond strength—now entering service Nanotechnology is here…today A totally new coating process based on miniature pulsed rocket motors and capable of coating restricted surfaces—coming soon

31. Advanced Corrosion Control Old tanks look like this after 5 years… …new tanks will look like this after 20 years Better coatings for ships’ tanks

32. Hypersonic Strike Electromagnetic guns Speed kills Hy-Fly

33. Outline • Mission • Investment • Portfolio • Recently delivered • On the horizon • Summary

34. Naval Science & Technology Vision To inspire and guide innovation that will provide technology-based options for future Navy and Marine Corps capabilities… SEALs in Operation Iraqi Freedom …and to avoid technological surprise.

35. Department of the Navy Secretary of the Navy Under Secretary of the Navy Commandant of the Marine Corps Assistant Secretary for Research, Development and Acquisition Chief of Naval Operations Program Executive Offices Resources, Requirements, Assessments Meteorology & Oceanographic Command Resources, Requirements, Assessments Chief of Naval Research Naval Commands Navy Test& Evaluation & Technology Requirements Office of Naval Research Naval Research Laboratory

36. Secretary of the Navy Secretary of the Navy Legislative Affairs Secretary’s Action Team Office of Information Judge Advocate General Chief Information Officer Chief Information Officer General Counsel Under Secretary of the Navy Naval Inspector General Installations & Environment Naval Criminal Investigative Service Financial Management & Comptroller Research, Development & Acquisition Chief of Naval Operations Commandant of the Marine Corps Manpower & Reserve Affairs

37. Chief of Naval Operations Chief of Naval Operations Vice Chief of Naval Operations Chief of Chaplains Naval Oceanography Office of Naval Intelligence Manpower & Personnel Director of Naval Education & Training Navy Test& Evaluation & Technology Requirements Additional Directorates Resources, Requirements, Assessments Warfare Requirements & Programs Naval Commands Naval Operations Staff Sea Shield Anti-Submarine Warfare Submarine Warfare Space, Information Warfare, Command & Control Warfare Integration & Assessment Surface Warfare Air Warfare Expeditionary Warfare

38. Naval Warfare Centers Chief of Naval Operations Naval Air Systems Command Space & Naval Warfare Systems Command Naval Facilities Engineering Command Naval Sea Systems Command National Naval Medical Center Naval Medical Research Center Naval Undersea Warfare Center (Newport, Keyport) Submarine systems Space & Naval Warfare Systems Center (San Diego) Biomedical Naval Surface Warfare Center (Carderock Division) Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (Pax River, Lakehurst, Orlando) Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (China Lake, Pt. Mugu) Ships, structural materials Information warfare, command & control Naval Surface Warfare Center (Dahlgren Division) Ship systems & weapons Aircraft systems Air-delivered weapons Naval Surface Warfare Center (Carderock Division, Coastal Systems Station) Naval Surface Warfare Center (Indian Head Division) Explosives, energetic materials Countermine warfare, special warfare support

39. Major Research & Development & In-Service Engineering Sites NUWC NEWPORT NSWC CARDEROCK PHILADELPHIA INDIAN HEAD DAHLGREN NSWC CRANE NUWC KEYPORT NAWC WD CHINA LAKE POINT MUGU NAWC AD PATUXENT RIVER LAKEHURST NSWC PORT HUENEME NRL DC SSC CHESAPEAKE NSWC CORONA SSC SAN DIEGO SSC CHARLESTON NSWC DL CSS PANAMA CITY SITC NEW ORLEANS NRL STENNIS NAWC AD ORLANDO SITC = SPAWAR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CENTER DL CSS = DAHLGREN DIVISION COASTAL SYSTEM STATION

40. Major Test & Evaluation Sites NSWC LARGE CAVITATION CHANNEL NSWC KETCHIKAN, BREMERTON ACOUSTIC RANGES NSWC ACOUSTIC RANGE NAWC AD* LAUNCH & RECOVERY FIELD NUWC NORTHWEST UNDERSEA RANGES NAWC WD* CHINA LAKE LAND RANGE POINT MUGU SEA RANGE NSWC MODEL BASIN COMPLEX NAWC AD* AIR RANGE NUWC SAN CLEMENTE UNDERWATER RANGE NSWC GUN RANGE NSWC** MISSILE RANGE NUWC* AUTEC NSWC ACOUSTIC & ELECTROMAGNETIC RANGE AUTEC: ATLANTIC UNDERSEA TEST AND EVALUATION CENTER NUWC NW RANGES INCLUDE NANOOSE, DABOB BAY AND QUINALT SITES **NSWC MISSILE RANGE/”DESERT SHIP” IS A TENANT AT THE ARMY’S WHITE SANDS MRTFB SITE *DOD MAJOR RANGE AND TEST FACILITY BASE (MRTFB) AFFILIATE

41. The Naval Research Enterprise APL JHU NAVSEA NAVAIR ARL PSU NSWC DAHLGREN NAWC-WD ARL UT NAWC-TSD APL UW NSWC CARDEROCK NWC NAWC-AD CNA NSWC CSS PANAMA CITY MARCOR SYSCOM NPS NSWC INDIAN HEAD NRL MCWL CNR coordinates a consortium of S&T elements in Systems Commands, Warfare Centers, Naval Laboratories, UARCs, FFRDCs, other naval organizations NWDC NUWC NEWPORT /KEYPORT NAVOCEANO SIO WHOI NSWC PORT HUENEME NFESC Electric Ship R&D Consortium (FSU, USC, MSU, UTA, USNA, NPS, MIT, Purdue, NMT, UMR, UNO, UWis) BUMED NSWC CRANE U Hawaii (Proposed) SPAWAR Stevens Institute Center for Maritime Studies (Proposed) SSC-SD SSC-CH