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Deductive Reasoning

Deductive Reasoning. By Kari Fowler. What is Deductive Reasoning?. Opposite of Inductive Reasoning In Deductive Reasoning you are taking something general and applying it to a specific instance. 3 Steps to Deductive Reasoning 1) Take a general true conclusion

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Deductive Reasoning

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  1. Deductive Reasoning By Kari Fowler

  2. What is Deductive Reasoning? • Opposite of Inductive Reasoning • In Deductive Reasoning you are taking something general and applying it to a specific instance. • 3 Steps to Deductive Reasoning • 1) Take a general true conclusion • 2) Apply the conclusion to a specific instances to demonstrate….. • 3) The conclusion does indeed apply to the instance

  3. Terms You need To Know • Terms that you must use to argue deductively, • Most, many, often etc. • Absolute Terms: never use words like, all, never or always.

  4. Chapter Example • Susan B. Anthony defended that fact that she had voted in the 1872 election- forty-eight years before women were given the right to vote. • She claims she committed no crime but simply exercised her citizen’s rights. • For support she commented on the preamble of the Federal Constitution. • “We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice…..and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”

  5. Did You Catch that!?! • “We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice…..and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” • The Preamble states that “We the people,” not we the male citizens. • We the people as in meaning both male and female.

  6. Two Tests for Deductive Reasoning • First Test: Make sure it is valid. If it isn’t then it can’t be applied to specific instances. Needs factual support. • Second Test: Whether the generalization applies to a particular case.

  7. Examples • Frogs are amphibians • The Coqui is a frog native to Puerto Rico • The Coqui is an amphibian. • May I Have a Volunteer?????? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJyuy4B2aKU

  8. 1) Give a short example of deductive reasoning not used in the powerpoint. • 2) What type of terms should you not use when arguing deductively? • 3) What is one way to test deductive reasoning?

  9. The Answers • 1) A variety of different answers! : ) • 2) Do not use any terms that are extreme. For example, always and never. • 3) First Test: Make sure it is valid. If it isn’t then it can’t be applied to specific instances. Needs factual support. • Second Test: Whether the generalization applies to a particular case.

  10. THE END I Feel Smarter!!

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