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Financial Engineering. Lecture 5. Greeks. The Greeks measure the various risks of an option. Every option has risk related to the variables contained in the price of the option. Knowing these risks allows us to create strategies and select the best option to include in the strategy. Delta
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Financial Engineering Lecture 5
Greeks • The Greeks measure the various risks of an option. • Every option has risk related to the variables contained in the price of the option. • Knowing these risks allows us to create strategies and select the best option to include in the strategy. • Delta • Gamma • Theta • Vega • Rho
Greeks Delta - D the rate of price change for an option, relative to the price change in the underlying asset Also called the Hedge Ratio D = N(d1) = DC / DP
Greeks Gamma -G The rate of change in delta, relative to the price change of the asset G = N(d1)p - N(d1)p+1
Greeks Theta - Q The rate of change in the option price relative to a one day change in expiration Also called Time Decay Q = Ct - Ct-1
Greeks Vega - L The rate of change in the option price relative to a 1% change in the volatility L = Cv - Cv+.01
Greeks Rho The rate of change in the option price relative to a 1% increase in the discount rate Rho = Cr - Cr+.01
Greeks Example - original data Call = 1.70 r = 10% Stock = 36 time = 90/365 days Strike = 40 volatility = .40 Delta = N(d1) = .3794 Gamma = N(d1)p - N(d1)p+1 = .3794 - .4329 = -.0535
Greeks example - continued Theta = Ct - Ct-1 = = 1.700 - 1.675 = .0248 (daily) = .0248 x 260 = 6.448 (annual) Vega = Cv - Cv+.01 = 1.70 - 1.7683 = -.0683 Rho = = Cr - Cr+.01 (using NUMA Web Option Calculator) = 1.695-1.725 = .0300
Delta Spread “volatility spread” or “playing the deltas” The “most neutral” position you can create Goal - To capture the time premium, with minimum market risk Neutral Ratio = Delta Long Position Delta Short Position
Delta Spread example price = 44 delta Long Apr 40C = 5 .40 Short Apr 45C = 3 .25 Assume 2:1 ratio Max Profit = Net Credit + (# long x (S2-S1) = 1 + 1 (5) = 6 Break Even = (MP / # naked ) + high strike = (6 / 1) + 45 = 51
Delta Spread example - continued Neutral Ratio = .40 /.25 = 1.60 or 8 to 5 Long 5 = 5x5 = - 25 Short 8= 3x8 = + 24 Net Debit = -1 MP = -1 + 5x5 = 24 BE = 24/3 + 45 = 53
Delta Spread 24 2:1 6 1 -1 40 45 51
Delta Spread 24 8:5 6 1 -1 40 45 51 53