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Back to Biochemistry…

Back to Biochemistry…. diffusion ( passive, through PLBL) facilitative diffusion ( passive, through channels) c hannels come in several flavors: ligand -gated voltage-gated more about gradients… p umps (active). Back to Biochemistry…. diffusion ( passive, through PLBL)

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Back to Biochemistry…

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  1. Back to Biochemistry… • diffusion (passive, through PLBL) • facilitative diffusion (passive, through channels) • channels come in several flavors: • ligand-gated • voltage-gated • more about gradients… • pumps (active)

  2. Back to Biochemistry… • diffusion (passive, through PLBL) • facilitative diffusion (passive, through channels) • channels come in several flavors: • ligand-gated • voltage-gated • more about gradients… • pumps (active)

  3. Simple Diffusion O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2

  4. Back to Biochemistry… • diffusion (passive, through PLBL) • facilitative diffusion (passive, through channels) • channels come in several flavors: • ligand-gated • voltage-gated • more about gradients… • pumps (active)

  5. FacilitatedDiffusion (Channels) Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+

  6. Back to Biochemistry… • diffusion (passive, through PLBL) • facilitative diffusion (passive, through channels) • channels come in several flavors: • ligand-gated • voltage-gated • more about gradients… • pumps (active)

  7. Ligand (Chemically) – Gated Channels Na+ Na+ ligand Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+

  8. Back to Biochemistry… • diffusion (passive, through PLBL) • facilitative diffusion (passive, through channels) • channels come in several flavors: • ligand-gated • voltage-gated • more about gradients… • pumps (active)

  9. Normal Cell Membrane Potential - + Ca2+ Ca2+ Ca2+ - + Ca2+ - + - + Ca2+ - + Ca2+ Ca2+ - + Ca2+ - + Ca2+ Ca2+ - + Ca2+ Ca2+ Ca2+ - + Ca2+

  10. Voltage-Gated Channels + - + Ca2+ Ca2+ Ca2+ + - + Ca2+ + - + + - + Ca2+ + - + Ca2+ Ca2+ + - + Ca2+ + - + Ca2+ Ca2+ + - + Ca2+ Ca2+ Ca2+ + - + Ca2+

  11. Back to Biochemistry… • diffusion (passive, through PLBL) • facilitative diffusion (passive, through channels) • channels come in several flavors: • ligand-gated • voltage-gated • more about gradients… • pumps (active)

  12. Chemical Gradient Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+

  13. Electrical Gradient - + + - + + + + - + + - + + Initial: 5 + charges Initial: 5 + charges

  14. Electro-ChemicalGradient - Cl- Na+ Na+ Na+ Cl- Na+ Na+ Cl- Na+ - Na+ Na+ Na+ Cl- Na+ Initial: 5 Na+ 2 Cl-2 Initial: 5 Na+ 2 Cl-2

  15. The Bottom Line on Gradients • ions will travel DOWN their electrochemical gradients until in chemical AND electrical equilibrium

  16. Back to Biochemistry… • diffusion (passive, through PLBL) • facilitative diffusion (passive, through channels) • channels come in several flavors: • ligand-gated • voltage-gated • more about gradients… • pumps (active)

  17. Pumps ATP Cl- Cl- Cl- Cl- Cl- Cl- Cl- Cl- Cl-

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