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Health Promotion During Pregnancy. Self-care needs Bathing Breast care Dental care Perineal hygiene Sexual activity Exercise Sleep Work Travel. First-Trimester Discomforts. Fatigue Muscle cramps Hypotension Varicosities Breast discomfort Palmar erythemia Constipation
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Health Promotion During Pregnancy Self-care needs Bathing Breast care Dental care Perineal hygiene Sexual activity Exercise Sleep Work Travel
First-Trimester Discomforts • Fatigue • Muscle cramps • Hypotension • Varicosities • Breast discomfort • Palmar erythemia • Constipation • Nausea, Vomiting • Hemorrhoids • Heart palpitations • Frequency of urination • Abdominal discomfort • Leukorrhea
Middle to Late Pregnancy Discomforts • Backache • Headache • Dyspnea • Ankle edema • Braxton Hicks contractions
Teratogens Any factor that adversely affects fertilized ovum, embryo or fetus
Factors Influence Damage • Strength • Timing • Affinity for tissue
Teratogenic Fetal Exposure • Maternal infections: • TORCH • Toxoplasmosis • Rubella • Cytomegalovirus • Herpes simplex virus
Teratogenic Fetal Exposure • Syphilis • Lyme disease • Infections that cause illness at birth • Gonorrhea, candida, chlamydia, StrepB, Hepititis B • Live Vaccine Virus
Teratogenic Fetal Exposure • Environmental: • Metal and chemical,Radiation,Hyperthermia and hypothermia • Maternal stress • Drugs: Pregnancy Risk Categories • A,B,C,D,X • Alcohol: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome • Cigarettes
Preparing for Labor • Lightening • Show • Rupture of membranes • Excess energy • Uterine contractions