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Protein networks

Protein networks. MATERIALS FLOW NETWORKS. Labrador (dog) pigmentation. Yellow and/or Red pigments. tyrosinase. Tyrosine. Dopaquinone. TRP-2. Brown pigment. TRP-1. Nodes = metabolites Edges = enzymatic conversion (materials flow network). Black pigment.

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Protein networks

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  1. Protein networks MATERIALS FLOW NETWORKS

  2. Labrador (dog) pigmentation Yellow and/or Red pigments tyrosinase Tyrosine Dopaquinone TRP-2 Brown pigment TRP-1 Nodes = metabolites Edges = enzymatic conversion (materials flow network) Black pigment

  3. Black coat color produced when all pigments are present Yellow and/or Red pigments tyrosinase Tyrosine Dopaquinone TRP-2 Brown pigment TRP-1 Nodes = metabolites Edges = enzymatic conversion (materials flow network) Black pigment

  4. Brown coat color caused by non-functional TRP-1 enzyme Yellow and/or Red pigments tyrosinase Tyrosine Dopaquinone TRP-2 Brown pigment X TRP-1 Nodes = metabolites Edges = enzymatic conversion (materials flow network) Black pigment

  5. Human metabolic networks

  6. Normal metabolic pathway Adrenaline Noradrenaline Dopamine Dopaquinone Melanin Thyroxine Dopa Phenylalanine Tyrosine Hydroxy- phenylpyruvate Homogentisate Tyramine

  7. Tyrosine-negative albinism Adrenaline Noradrenaline X Dopamine Dopaquinone Melanin X Thyroxine Dopa Phenylalanine Tyrosine Hydroxy- phenylpyruvate Homogentisate Tyramine

  8. PKU (phenylketonuria) Adrenaline Noradrenaline Dopamine Dopaquinone Melanin Thyroxine Dopa Phenylalanine X Tyrosine Hydroxy- phenylpyruvate Homogentisate Tyramine

  9. Alkaptonuria Adrenaline Noradrenaline Dopamine Dopaquinone Melanin Thyroxine Dopa Phenylalanine Tyrosine Hydroxy- phenylpyruvate Homogentisate X Tyramine

  10. Drosophila eye pigmentation

  11. WILD TYPE EYE WILD TYPE EYE (+)

  12. WHITE EYE (w)

  13. BROWN EYE (bw)

  14. SEPIA EYE (se)

  15. SCARLET EYE (st)

  16. BROWN (bw) SCARLET (st) WILD TYPE (+) SEPIA (se)

  17. OMMOCHROME PIGMENTS PTERIDINE PIGMENTS 2-amino-4- hydroxypterdine (BLUE) colorless compound 1 colorless compound 3 xanthopterin (GREEN-BLUE) 2 9 4 tetrahydroiopterin ommochrome pigment (BROWN) isoxanthopterin (VIOLET-BLUE) 7 6 5 biopterin (BLUE) drosopterin (ORANGE) sepiapterin (YELLOW) 10 Transport proteins 8 isosepiapterin (YELLOW) PIGMENTS IN EYE

  18. Pteridine pigments arranged in order of migration on chromatogram, isosepiapterin migrating farthest

  19. Applying the network • Hypothesize the defect found in each fly strain (note: each strain has a defect in only one protein in the pathway). • Predict what the chromatogram would look like if your hypothesis is correct. In other words, what data would support your hypothesis?

  20. w bw se st +

  21. w bw se st +

  22. + se st

  23. Pteridine pigments arranged in order of migration on chromatogram, isosepiapterin migrating farthest

  24. OMMOCHROME PIGMENTS PTERIDINE PIGMENTS 2-amino-4- hydroxypterdine (BLUE) colorless compound 1 colorless compound 3 xanthopterin (GREEN-BLUE) 2 9 4 tetrahydroiopterin ommochrome pigment (BROWN) isoxanthopterin (VIOLET-BLUE) 7 6 5 biopterin (BLUE) drosopterin (ORANGE) sepiapterin (YELLOW) 10 Transport proteins 8 isosepiapterin (YELLOW) PIGMENTS IN EYE

  25. Genetics The sepia eye phenotype is inherited in a simple mendelian recessive manner. • What would the eyes of a +/se heterozygote look like? • +/+ homozygous wild type eyes • se/se homozygous sepia eyes • Something else (describe and explain) • Need more information to answer

  26. Genetics The sepia eye phenotype is inherited in a simple mendelian recessive manner. • What would the chromatogram of a +/se heterozygote look like? • +/+ homozygous wild type chromatogram • se/se homozygous sepia chromatogram • Something else (describe and explain) • Need more information

  27. Genetics • If the brown eye phenotype is inherited in a simple mendelian manner, is it likely dominant or recessive? • Dominant • Recessive • Need more information

  28. PROTEIN NETWORKS MATERIALS AND INFORMATION FLOW NETWORKS

  29. Dog pigmentation: regulation by MSH hormone Yellow and/or Red pigments tyrosinase Tyrosine Dopaquinone TRP-2 + MSH (hormone) Brown pigment + MSH-R (receptor) + TRP-1 Black pigment Solid line edges = materials flow Dotted line edges = information flow

  30. Yellow coat color caused by non-functional MSH-Receptor Yellow and/or Red pigments tyrosinase Tyrosine Dopaquinone TRP-2 + MSH (hormone) Brown pigment + X MSH-R (receptor) + TRP-1 Black pigment Solid line edges = materials flow Dotted line edges = information flow

  31. Halo

  32. GG-PP oxygen Crtb 1 Key: metabolite/ smaller molecule enzyme/protein enzymatic conversion (materials flow) information flow environmental factor phytoene [+] [-] [+] bat lycopene [+] light betaCarotene [+] [+] brp bop + Retinal (BacterioRhodopsin) retinal bop

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