UNIDO's Activities in Market Access Capacity Building

2. UN Inter-Agency Workshop on Capacity Building/Development Geneva, 20-22 November 2002 UNIDO’S ACTIVITIES RELATED TO CAPACITY BUILDING IN THE FIELD OF MARKET ACCESS Presented by Mr. Bernardo Calzadilla-Sarmiento Senior Advisor - UNIDO Office at Geneva

3. UNIDO’S ACTIVITIES RELATED TO CAPACITY BUILDING IN THE FIELD OF MARKET ACCESS • UNIDOs Integrated programme approach • UNIDOs Market AccessConceptual framework: the 3 Cs approach • SPS related case Study: Lake Victoria Project

4. THE INTEGRATED PROGRAMME APPROACH UNIDO INTEGRATED PROGRAMMES (IPs) aim at improving industrial competitiveness and thereby contribute to poverty reduction. To optimise the chances of achieving this, the focus of integration is at the level of the UNIDO Service Modules selected for the programme, as well as at the level of donor mechanisms, national counterparts and other development activities in the country or region.

5. Service Module Approach Industrial Governance and statistics Investment and technology promotion Quality and productivity Small business development Agro-industries Industrial energy and Kyoto Protocol Montreal Protocol Environmental Management

6. ECONOMY SID …..grouped in “3Es”: The 8 Service Modules ECONOMY • “Competitive Economy” - or Making Industry more Efficient • “Sound Environment” - or Environmentally Friendly Industry ENVIRONMENT • “Productive Employment” - or Promoting Employment in Industry EMPLOYMENT

7. SOUND ENVIRONMENT Environmentally friendly industry COMPETITIVE ECONOMY Making industry more efficient Integrated Packages of Services PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENTPromoting employment in industry L E V E L OF I N T E R V E N T I O N POLICY Industrial Governance & Statistics Industrial Energy & Kyoto Protocol Small Business Development INSTITUTIONAL Quality & Productivity Investment & Technology Promotion Environmental Management Agro-Industries ENTERPRISE Montreal Protocol

8. UNIDO’S ACTIVITIES RELATED TO CAPACITY BUILDING IN THE FIELD OF MARKET ACCESS • UNIDOs Integrated programme approach • UNIDOs Market Access conceptual framework: • the 3 Cs approach • SPS related case Study: Lake Victoria Project

9. DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ARE TAKING LIMITED ADVANTAGE OF IMPROVED ACCESS CONDITIONS BECAUSE: They have serious shortfalls in capabilities They face major non-tariff barriers to trade They have to adapt to the multilateral trading system

10. unable to produce goods of competitive quality and quantity. Supply often incompatible with international standards. Standards Metrology and testing no recognized laboratory capacities. Trade little say in international trade agreements Marketing and export promotion unable to identify and attract target consumers CAPACITY SHORTFALLS

12. NON – TARIFF BARRIERS AFFECTING MARKET ACCESS REGISTRATION, DOCUMENTATION & CUSTOMS ISSUES SANITARY & PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES (SPS) TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE (TBT) MARKET ACCESS FACILITATION TRANSPORTATION & TRANSIT INTERNATIONAL RULES FOR TRADE INVESTMENT & FINANCIAL MATTERS

13. “Countries must have marketable products to sell” Pre-conditions for Market Access – The Main Problem Areas • “Products must meet market/client requirements” • “Rules for trade, customs must be harmonized”

14. P R OD U C T S M A R K E T S Products to Market Develop Competitive Manufacturing Capability Prove Conformity with Market Requirements Connect to the Market Compete Conform Connect ….by upgrading supply capacities and standards infrastructures

15. A CONCERTED INTER-AGENCY STRATEGY FACILITATES MARKET ACCESS STANDARDS & CONFORMITY ASSESSMNT INFRASTRUCTURE (TBT, SPS) UNIDO, FAO, WHO CUSTOMS PROCEDURES TRANSPORTATION DOCUMENTATION UNCTAD, IMO SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT (Capacity & Competitiveness) UNIDO Compete Conform Connect EXPORT PROMOTION ITC INVESTMENT FACILITATION FINANCIAL FLOWS UNCTAD INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS & RULES FOR TRADE WTO

16. UNIDO’S ACTIVITIES RELATED TO CAPACITY BUILDING IN THE FIELD OF MARKET ACCESS • UNIDOs Integrated programme approach • UNIDOs Market AccessConceptual framework: the 3 Cs approach • Capacity Building: Lake Victoria Project

17. Case of Victorian Lake Fish industry Situation Before • Major fish industry (Nile perch) developed around Lake Victoria, shared by Tanzania 51%, Uganda 43% and Kenya 6% • Revenues from exports exceeded USD 200 million/year • Employment for almost 500.000 people • Favorable ground for local suppliers and complementary industries.

18. Case of Victorian Lake Fish industry Effect of Lake Fish Poisoning • EU export ban imposed in 1999 • Fish exports dropped by 50% in Tanzania and Uganda • 30% of workers lost their jobs • Most of the fish factories closed or worked far below capacity

19. Case of Victorian Lake Fish industry Challenge – Project Objectives • Identify immediate and structural deficiencies • Establish solid foundation for fish safety system • Lift the ban imposed by EU

20. THE CHALLENGES – LAKE VICTORIA Appropriate strategy for risk analysis, management and communication Appropriate food control legislation (FAO) Coordination and monitoring mechanisms involving all the stakeholders GOVERNMENT (GENERAL) LEVEL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK LEVEL ENTERPRISE LEVEL (OPERATORS) CONSUMER LEVEL (MARKET)

21. THE CHALLENGES – LAKE VICTORIA Inspection (regulations enforcement, system auditing and product certification, hazard identification and analysis) Support services: Testing analyses (GLP-accredit. ISO17025), standardization, metrology, training and certification bodies; etc. GOVERNMENT (GENERAL) LEVEL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK LEVEL ENTERPRISE LEVEL (OPERATORS) CONSUMER LEVEL (MARKET)

22. THE CHALLENGES – LAKE VICTORIA GOVERNMENT (GENERAL) LEVEL Strengthening individual and collective awareness and skills of personal Implementing GHP and HACCP based programs with benchmarking mechanisms Implementing quality management systems INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK LEVEL ENTERPRISE LEVEL (OPERATORS) CONSUMER LEVEL (MARKET)

23. THE CHALLENGES – LAKE VICTORIA GOVERNMENT (GENERAL) LEVEL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK LEVEL Collectiveawareness through the media Education focusing on young generation through school programs Strengthening capacity of consumers organizations ENTERPRISE LEVEL (OPERATORS) CONSUMER LEVEL (MARKET)

24. Case of Victorian Lake Fish industry Project Implementation • Integrated corrective actions taken by UNIDO in partnership with • Uganda National Bureau of Standards • Tanzania Bureau of Standards • Federation of Kenya Employers • Lake Victoria Fishers Cooperative • UNDP, WHO, FAO, DFID • 3 years, USD 4.6 million • Sources of funds: Austria, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, UNDP, UNIDO

25. Case of Victorian Lake Fish industry Results achieved • Organizational and regulatory framework for fish industry improved, service capacity for fish inspection strengthened • Testing laboratories locally available and internationally recognized • In-plant group training carried out in 17 factories for 950 staff and critical mass of expertise provided to processing plants in GHP, HACCP, ISO 9000 • Quality control upgraded at all levels • EU ban lifted by the end of 2000 and new market in US opened

26. Case of Victorian Lake Fish industry Lessons learned • Building up the competent authority and establishing QMS and HACCP systems was essential for restarting fish exports. • Strengthening simultanuoesly local support institutions such as standardization bodies and testing houses, inspection and certification bodies was decisive to regain the EU market and get access to new markets. • A CONCERTED INTER-AGENCY STRATEGY INVOLVING ALL STAKEHOLDERS WAS INDISPENSABLE TO ACHIEVE IMPACT

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