Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 18

1. Jenney’s First Year LatinLesson 18 Lesson 18 Vocabulary 3rd Declension Adjectives Ablative of Accompaniment

2. Lesson 18 Vocabulary

3. acer, acris, acre fierce, sharp

4. celer, celeris, celere swift

5. brevis, breve short

6. facilis, facile easy

7. fortis, forte brave

8. gravis, grave heavy, severe, serious

9. omnis, omne all, every

10. similis, simile like, similar

11. audāx, audācis daring, bold

12. potēns, potentis powerful

13. Brittanus, Brittana, Brittanum British

14. Gallus, Galla, Gallum Gallic

15. Trōiānus, Trōiāna, Trōiānum Trojan

16. 3rd Declension Adjectives

17. Declension of Adjectives • just like nouns belong to a declension, so do adjectives • we have seen 1st & 2nd decl. adj. already (2-1-2), e.g.: • magnus, magna, magnum • miser, misera, miserum • pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum • adj. can also belong to the 3rd declension

18. 3rd Declension Adjectives • there are THREE types of 3rd declension adjectives: • 3 Termination, e.g.: celer, celeris, celere– swift • 2 Termination, e.g.: omnis, omne– all, every • 1 Termination, e.g.: audāx, audācis– bold, daring • the number of terminations indicates the number of different nominative formsof the adj.

19. 3rd Declension Adjectives: Forming • to decline 3rd decl. adj., find the stem & add endings Finding the Stem: • for 3 and 2 terminations, go to the nom. sg. fem. form and drop the ending (-is) • for 1 termination, go to the gen. sg. form (2nd form) and drop the ending (-is) • in short, drop the –is from the form that has it in the dictionary entry and you’ll have your stem

20. 3rd Declension Adjectives: Forming • to decline 3rd decl. adj., find the stem & add endings Adding the Endings: • all 3rd decl. adj. take 3rd decl. i-stemendings • all abl. sg. forms end in –ī, like neut. i-stems

21. 3 Termination Adj. • the dictionary entries of 3rd decl. adj. of 3 terminations look like celer, celeris, celere: • nom. sg. masc. ends in –er • nom. sg. fem. ends in –is[find stem here!] • nom. sg. neut. ends in –e • e.g.: • acer, acris, acre: fierce, sharp

22. Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 3 Terminationsceler, celeris, celere

23. Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 3 Terminationsceler, celeris, celere

24. 2 Termination Adj. • the dictionary entries of 3rd decl. adj. of 2 terminations look like facilis, facile: • nom. sg. masc. &nom. sg. fem. end in –is • nom. sg. neut. ends in –e • e.g.: • brevis, breve: short • fortis, forte: brave • masc. & fem. forms are the same for 2 term. adj.

25. Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 2 Terminationsfacilis, facile

26. Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 2 Terminationsfacilis, facile

27. 1 Termination Adj. • the dictionary entries of 3rd decl. adj. of 1 termination look like potēns, potentis: • nom. sg. masc. &nom. sg. fem. &nom. sg. neut. are all the same (but there is no one set ending) • 2nd form listed is the gen. sg. form (b/c you cannot find the stem from any nominative form) • e.g.: • audāx, audācis: bold, daring • masc. & fem. forms are the same for 1 term. adj.

28. Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 1 Terminationpotēns, potentis

29. Declining 3rd Decl. Adj. of 1 Terminationpotēns, potentis

30. Ablative of Accompaniment

31. Ablative of Accompaniment • Latin expresses the idea of accompaniment with the preposition cum and a noun in the ablative case. • this is generally a word denoting a person or group of people • abl. of accompaniment = cum + abl. • e.g. • Puella cum matread urbem ambulat. • Miser cum miserāin urbe est.

32. Cavēte! Ablatives w/ “with/cum” • there are several uses of the abl. that are translated with “cum/with” – be careful not to confuse the abl. of means, manner, and accompaniment • Mīlitēsoppidumcum sociīsoppugnāvērunt. • Accompaniment: The soldiers attacked the town with the allies. • Mīlitēsoppidumcum audāciāoppugnāvērunt. • Manner: The soldiers attacked the town with boldness. • Mīlitēsoppidumtelīsoppugnāvērunt. • Means: The soldiers attacked the town with weapons.