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Mesopotamia

Explore the ancient land between two rivers where civilization emerged due to surplus food, city-states developed independently, and Hammurabi came to power initiating the first empire. Discover Sumer's inventions, role of women, and Hammurabi's Code. Learn about Egypt as the Gift of the Nile where the Pharaoh held absolute power. |

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Mesopotamia

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  1. Mesopotamia “Land Between Two Rivers”

  2. Where was Mesopotamia?

  3. Civilization emerged because the soils around the rivers provided a surplus of food. City-states developed independently of each other.

  4. Hammurabi comes to power Independent cites developed; Ur, Urak, Eridu Akkadian 3000 BCE 2340 BCE 2100 BCE 1792 BCE 1500 BCE Sumer Babylon Akkadian Empire falls Cuneiform invented Sargon establishes the 1st empire

  5. Sumer: the First Civilization 3000 BCE formed city-states around Ur, Urak, and Sumer Basic political unit of Sumer Ziggurat was center of city government and religion Theocracy gave increased power to the rulers Polytheistic religion creates thousands of gods SSWH1b

  6. The Nanna Ziggurat at Ur What was the purpose of a ziggurat? SSWH1b

  7. Sumer was the site of several “firsts” in human history SSWH1a The plow The wheel The sailboat System of writing: cuneiform

  8. Which of Sumer’s inventions do you think is most important? Why? Writing is the most important because it allows us to know what happened in the past.

  9. Sumer was displaced by the Akkadian Empire approximately 2340 BCE Sargon conquered Sumerian city-states creating the world’s first empire An empire is a large political unit that controls many peoples and territories

  10. Role of Women • Bearing / raising children • Own property • Control dowry • Trade • No political role • Textiles, breweries, prostitutes, bakers, fortunetellers • Steadily declines • Men take 2nd wife (if no kids) • Marriage alliances

  11. Babylon came to power about 2100 BCE Hammurabi was first king of the empire Expanded control of Mesopotamia by Babylon Best known for the development of legal code

  12. Hammurabi’s Code was one of the first, and most famous, written codes of law “to promote the welfare of the people, I, Hammurabi, the devout, god-fearing prince, cause justice to prevail in the land by destroying the wicked and the evil, that the strong might not oppress the weak.” 282 entries cover all kinds of civic interactions Some very general, some very specific Favored wealthy and powerful

  13. What about other places and people?

  14. Egypt: Gift of the Nile

  15. The regular flooding of the Nile allowed for life in Egypt. agriculture fish & waterfowl mud for building eased transportation

  16. The Nile was bordered by deserts which provided: defense from invasion precious metals and stones stones for building

  17. The pharaoh had absolute power owned and controlled all the land descended from Re embodied Horus as a god-on-earth set apart from the rest of humanity SSWH1b

  18. The pharaoh had absolute power owned and controlled all the land descended from Re embodied Horus as a god-on-earth set apart from the rest of humanity SSWH1b

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