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Critical Appraisal of a Paper. Feedback. Critical Appraisal. Full Reference Authors (Surname & Abbreviations) Year of publication Full Title Journal Volume Page numbers. EBM Basic Skills. Formulate structured clinical question PICO(D) Search for evidence Systematic
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Critical Appraisal of a Paper Feedback
Critical Appraisal • Full Reference • Authors (Surname & Abbreviations) • Year of publication • Full Title • Journal • Volume • Page numbers
EBM Basic Skills • Formulate structured clinical question • PICO(D) • Search for evidence • Systematic • Select best evidence • Critically appraise • GATE Frame • RAMMbo • CASP • ATAGLANCE
Diagnostic tests Prognosis Therapy Patients’ Preferences Cross sectional study Cohort study RCT Qualitative research Research Design BMJ 1997;315:1636
CASP • Critical Appraisal Skills Programme • Are the results Valid? • What are the results? • Will the results help locally?
Are the Results Valid? • Did the trial address a clearly focused issue? Population Intervention Comparator Outcomes • Was assignment random? • Were all the patients accounted for? • Blinding? Patients Health workers Study personnel • Were the groups similar from randomisation? • Were the groups treated the same other than the intervention?
What are the Results? • How large was the treatment effect? • How precise was the estimate of the effect? • Confidence limits.
Will the Results Help Locally? • Can the results be applied locally? • Were all the important clinical outcomes considered? • Are the benefits with the harms and costs?
ATAGLANCE • Acronym • Title • Aim • Groups • Limbs – Intervention v Comparator • Absolute Risk Reduction • Number Needed to Treat (NNT) • Clinical Conclusion • Education for patients/carers
Diagnostic tests Prognosis Therapy Patients’ Preferences Cross sectional study Cohort study RCT Qualitative research Research Design BMJ 1997;315:1636