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A review of experimental results at the knee

?. A review of experimental results at the knee. Jörg R Hörandel. University of Karlsruhe, Germany - www-ik.fzk.de/~joerg. Workshop on the Physics of the End of the Galactic Cosmic Ray Spectrum. Aspen, April 25 th – 30 th , 2005. acceleration of CR in supernova remnants. CNO.

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A review of experimental results at the knee

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  1. ? A review of experimental results at the knee Jörg R Hörandel University of Karlsruhe, Germany - www-ik.fzk.de/~joerg Workshop on the Physics of the End of the Galactic Cosmic Ray Spectrum Aspen, April 25th – 30th, 2005

  2. acceleration of CR in supernova remnants CNO rigidity dependentcut-off Ek~ Z mass dependentcut-off Ek ~ A propagation through galaxy extensive air showers New particle physics in atmosphere B = 3 mG ? Fermi accelerationfinite lifetime of shock front:Emax ~ Z 1015 eV Leakage from Galaxy:escape probability ~ f(Z) Interactions with background particles (photons, neutrinos)

  3. Cosmic-ray energy spectrum JRH, Astropart. Phys 19 (2003) 193

  4. Cosmic-ray energy spectrum renormalizeenergy scale to fit direct measurements flux of direct measurements JRH, Astropart. Phys 19 (2003) 193

  5. Cosmic-ray energy spectrum renormalizeenergy scale JRH, Astropart. Phys 19 (2003) 193

  6. SPASE-2 / AMANDA-B10 (South Pole) Em re(30 m) Ne 1500 m Em > 300 GeV 1980 m 120 m Rawlins et al, Proc. 28th ICRC, Tsukuba 1 (2003) 173

  7. CORSIKA/QGSJET mean logarithmic mass EAS-TOP + MACROnumber of electrons + high-energy muons M Aglietta et al, astro-ph/0305325

  8. measurement vs. CORSIKA/QGSJET simulation mean logarithmic mass 0.4 PeV 30 PeV Average muon production height - KASCADE C Büttner et al, 28th ICRC, Tsukuba 1 (2003) 33

  9. KASCADE: Primary proton spectrumreconstructed from unaccompanied hadrons M. Aglietta et al., Astrop. Phys. 19 (2003) 329 primary flux F0 CORSIKA/ QGSJET Fhadr T. Antoni et al, ApJ 612 (2004) 914

  10. Two dimensional shower size spectrum lg Ne vs. lg Nm A E0 derive E0 and A from Ne and Nm data Fredholm integral equations of 1st kind: KASCADE M Roth et al, 28th ICRC, Tsukuba 1 (2003) 139

  11. All-particle energy spectrum two hadronic interaction models: CORSIKA 6.018/GHEISHA 2002 - QGSJET 01 - SIBYLL 2.1 T. Antoni et al., Astropart. Phys. in press

  12. KASCADE: Energy spectra for individual elemental groups QGSJET H. Ulrich et al, European Physical Journal C (2004) DOI:10.1140/epjcd/s2004-03-1632-2

  13. KASCADE: Energy spectra for individual elemental groups SIBYLL H. Ulrich et al, European Physical Journal C (2004) DOI:10.1140/epjcd/s2004-03-1632-2

  14. KASCADE: Energy spectra for individual elemental groups c2 distribution c2 distribution ! ! QGSJET SIBYLL H. Ulrich et al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. A (in press)

  15. He Fe Models (lines): SNR acceleration (Sveshnikova) Galactic diffusion (Ptuskin/Kalmykov) Poly-Gonato ~ Z p JRH, astro-ph/0501251

  16. Mean logarithmic mass vs energy !? lg N Xmax Fe depth X p CORSIKA/QGSJET interpretation electrons, muons, hadrons at ground level JRH, Astropart. Phys. 19 (2003) 193

  17. Modification of hadronic interaction model QGSJET in CORSIKA p-air cross section Quark Gluon String JET model N.N. Kalmykov and S.S. Ostapchenko Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 52B (1997) 17 p-p cross section JRH, J. Phys. G 29 (2003) 2439

  18. fraction of protons in CRs p-air cross section JRH, J. Phys. G 29 (2003) 2439

  19. Average depth of the shower maximum JRH, J. Phys. G 29 (2003) 2439

  20. Mean logarithmic mass electrons, muons, hadrons L K Xmax QGSJET model 1 model 3a JRH, J. Phys. G 29 (2003) 2439

  21. Origin of the knee? Astropart. Phys. 21 (2004) 241 (updated) Acceleration (SNR) ~ Z Leakage from Galaxy g-ray bursts Interaction with background particles ~ A Particle physics in atmosphere

  22. Origin of the knee? JRH, Astropart. Phys. 21 (2004) 241 (updated) <ln A> E p dN/dE CNO Fe E Acceleration (SNR) .. in SNR Berezhko & Ksenofontov .. in SNR + radio galaxies Stanev .. .. in oblique shocks Kobayakawa .. .. in variety of SNR Sveshnikova Single source model Erlykin & Wolfendale Reacceleration in galactic wind Völk & Zirakashvili ~ Z Leakage from Galaxy Minimum pathlength model Swordy Anomalous diffusion model Lagutin .. Hall diffusion model Ptuskin .., Kalmykov .. Diffusion in turbulent magnetic fields Ogio & Kakimoto Diffusion and drift Roulet .. g-ray bursts Cannonball model Plaga Acceleration in GRB + diffusion Wick .. Acceleration in GRB Emax ~A Dar .. Interaction with background particles Diffusion model + photo-disintegration Tkaczyk Interaction with neutrinos in galactic halo Dova .. Photo-disintegration (optical and UV photons)Candia .. ~ A Particle physics in atmosphere Gravitons, SUSY Kazanas & Nicolaidis

  23. g-ray bursts acceleration propagation background interactions diffusion SNR acceleration JRH, astro-ph/0501251

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