Friday 2/14

1. Friday 2/14 RAP What do we celebrate every year on this date? What was the partition? Read “Geography” page 488 and complete the activity. List at least 3 words that you would use to describe Africa today. Today: Review Ch. 16.2– 1-12 questions Finish questions 13- for Ch. 16.2 and map of Africa; Turn in- Thursday Ch. 16.3 India Questions and map due Friday Ch. 19.2 Gandhi Questions due Monday.

2. The Partition of Africapage 483-488 • People • David Livingstone • Scottish Doctor and minister • Explored the interior of Africa in 1840 • Set up Christian missions and sent back information to Gr. Britain. • Henry M. Stanley • British journalist hired by NY Herald to find Livingstone who went missing in the 1860s. • They met up in 1871. • Later led his own expeditions in Africa.

3. Southern Africa • Partition- to divide • 1885, 14 nations met in Berlin, Germany to divide Africa. • 14 countries controlled 90% of the world by 1914.

4. Ch. 16.2 Partition of Africa North Africa • Most people live on a thin strip of land north of the Sahara along the Mediterranean Sea. (Fertile land and the climate is mild) Imperial country • France (Algiers-Algeria 1840s and Tunis 1881; with special rights in Morocco-1904) • British ( Egypt-protectorate and Sudan) • Spanish (Morocco and Rio de Oro) • Italy (Tripoli--Libya) Why? / Resources • Suez Canal is important because it created a shortcut between Europe and Asia—trade route for Great Britain; land proximity to other country; fertile land near Mediterranean Sea; Cotton; mild climate Effects • Debt rose in Egypt • Lost culture • War—Italy with Ottoman Empire • Revolts • People from foreign lands settled • People lost their land

5. West Africa • Imperial Country • British, French, Germany, Portugal, and Spain • Why? / Resource • Slavery – trade; salt; gold; palm oil; ivory; rubber; cotton; and cacao beans • Why go inland- • Control trade in west African states • quinine was discovered to fight Malaria • Steamships were used for river transportation • Independent State in West Africa • Liberia • Tied to the U.S.- established by free African Americans in 1822. • Effects • Trade with Europeans • European expansion throughout interior • Sold into slavery • Lost culture

6. Central Africa • Imperial Country • Belgium • Congo claimed by? • Belgium’s King Leopold II- enslaved the people and killed many elephants for ivory. • Henry Stanley had explored it. • Why? / Resource • Rubber; ivory; exploration; foreign control • Effects • Enslaved Congolese • Lost forest due to need for rubber; lost culture

7. East Africa • Imperial Country • Britain, Germany, and Italy • Why? / Resource • Location – Red Sea and Indian Ocean • East African country that remained free? • Ethiopia • Emperor Menelik II had well trained soldiers that Italy could not beat. • Effects • Lost culture • Lost land • Europeanized • Warfare--Ethiopia

8. Finish Africa – Ch. 16.2 • Read the rest of Africa and work on your map of Africa. 15-20 minutes • Review Africa • Turn in map and Africa questions on Thursday • If you finish your Africa reading and map before we go over it, please grab an India handout on the table, in the front of the class, and begin reading Ch. 16.3– pages 489-490.

9. Southern Africa • Imperial Country • Britain, Germany, Portugal, and France • Why? / Resource • Location – Cape of Good Hope • Gold and diamonds • Colonize • Effects • Lost culture • Conflicts – Zulu War and Anglo- Boer War • No equality • Loss of land • Gandhi movie-take a few notes on Gandhi—next slide • Gandhi in Africa • British had colonized South Africa • Indians worked and lived in South Africa. • Gandhi fought for rights.

10. South Africa Afrikaners – Boers • Dutch settlers who settled in S. Africa in 1652 • Afrikaners resented British rule • Believed they were superior to blacks; God ordained slavery • 1830- 10,000 Afrikaners left Cape colony • Transvaal- no equality-whites superior • Orange Free State • Constantly fought their neighbors the Zulu. • 1879, the British became involved and eventually defeated the Zulu • 1880s-British and Boer conflict over gold and diamonds in Transvaal. Anglo-Boer War • 1910, Great Britain united all into Union of South Africa.

11. Effects of Imperialism • Imperialists profited by digging mines, starting plantations, and building factories and ports. • Hired Africans at low wages and imposed taxes that had to be paid in cash. • Men often housed in dormitories. • Schools taught European ways. • African traditions declined. • Christianity accepted by many Africans. • Western educated elite had emerged in many African colonies. • These people wanted equality and liberty from the mother country.

13. Gandhi in Africa • Racial equality became a dominant issue in South African affairs after the formation of the Union. • Non white South African groups pushed for civil rights against the white minority. • Mohandas K. Gandhi, a lawyer from India, worked for equality for Indians in South Africa. • He urged Indians to disobey laws that discriminated against them. • In 1912, black S. Africans also fought against racial injustices. • South African Native National Congress (SANNC) worked for black rights in South Africa. • In 1923, SANNC became the African National Congress (ANC)

14. Gandhi Notes • Where did Gandhi get his start at leading protests? • What method did Gandhi advocate to achieve political change? • What was Gandhi's ultimate goal? Did he achieve his goal? • What religion was responsible for Gandhi's assassination? • Describe one of Gandhi's protests.

15. Thursday 2/7/13 • RAP • Today • Turn in Africa map • Begin Asia. • Gandhi movie

16. Today: 30 or so minutes • FINISH • Read Ch.16.3 Asia-India pages 489-490 STOP at China • Read Ch. 19.2 pages 578-579-Gandhi’s Campaign. • Review—grade • Movie--Gandhi