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Motion and Momentum

Motion and Momentum. Motion. All matter in the universe is constantly in motion. Motion is happening when an object changes position. An object changes position if it moves relative to a reference point .

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Motion and Momentum

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  1. Motion and Momentum

  2. Motion • All matter in the universe is constantly in motion. • Motion is happening when an object changes position. • An object changes position if it moves relative to a reference point. • To describe a final position, a direction is determined from a starting point. Then a displacement is determined, which includes the distance between start and end and the direction that is travelled.

  3. Speed • The distance travelled of a moving object over a period of time is speed. • Speed = distance/time

  4. Average speed • Because the speed of objects is not always constant, an average is taken. • Average Speed= Total distance/ Total time

  5. Constant Speed • Speed that does not change is constant speed.

  6. Instantaneous speed • The speed of an object at any given time is instantaneous speed.

  7. Calculate This Speed A football field is about 100 m long. If it takes a person 20 seconds to run its length, how fast was the football player running?

  8. GraphingMotion • To graph motion, the X, or horizontal axis will plot time and the Y, or vertical axis will plot distance. • A distance –time graph can be used to compare the speed of objects.

  9. Graphing Motion

  10. Velocity • The velocity of an object is the speed of an object and the direction of its motion.

  11. Acceleration • The change in velocity divided by the time it takes for the change to occur. Acceleration also involves direction, like velocity. • When the speed of an object increases, it is accelerating (positive acceleration). • When the speed of an object decreases, it is decelerating (negative acceleration). • A change in direction, is also acceleration. • Acceleration= final speed-initial speed/ time

  12. Graphing Accelerated motion

  13. Momentum • Mass is the amount of matter in an object. The more mass an object has, the harder it is to stop, start, or change its direction. • The tendency of an object to resist this change is inertia. • The momentum of an object is a measure of how hard it is to stop the object, which depends on its mass and velocity.

  14. Momentum Equation • Momentum= mass x velocity p= m x v

  15. Conservation of Momentum • The total momentum of objects that collide is the same before and after the collision. • Because of gravity and friction, objects can bounce off each other or stick together when they collide. The law of conservation of momentum allows us to predict what might happen.

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