V-E Day

1. V-E Day On May 8th 1945, people celebrated for the the victory over Britain.

2. George Patton • He was a general in the Battle of the Bulge. When there was a gap, he plowed through it to succeed in victory.

3. Dwight D. Eisenhower • He was a general during the North African Front dispute. He did this during Operation Torch.

4. D-Day • D-Day happened on June 6th, 1944. It was the invasion of Germany and would have happened on June 5th, but there was bad weather.

5. Battle of the Bulge • Battle of the Bulge, on December 6th was sigtnificant because the Germans made a dent in the Allied defenses.

6. Harry S. Truman • Harry S. Truman was a running candidate that was a Senator, who ran against Roosevelt, but Roosevelt would soon win.

7. Vocab GI Bill of Rights James Farmer Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) Japanese American Citizen league (JACL)

8. Opportunity and Adjustment At the end of the war, there were many job openings. This was an opportunity for millions of Americans. There was surprisingly money now to spend, despite the rationing and shortages. Because of this war America shined, it was Americas “shinning moment”. America began to be the worlds most dominate economical and military power. Women'sad about doing jobs men usually did---->

9. Economic Gains Defense industries increased, and unemployment was common 1.2 percent of people were unemployed in 1944 Peoples paychecks increased 70 percent Long working hours were common Some workers invested up to half their paychecks in war bonds Farmers were successful during the war, since it was good crop weather Many farmers could start paying off their mortgages why? Improvements on farm machinery and fertilizers made crop production increase by 50 percent and farm income doubled. Women gained jobs they never would have gotten, since a lot of working men were at war.

10. Population Shifts The war caused a lot of people to migrate to America, greatest mass migration in American history. They immigrated here because of defense industries and military basese State who had military bases (Connecticut, Maryland, Delaware, Michigan, Florida, and the Pacific Coast)and defense industries gained a ton of migrators. Some towns with defense industries population doubled, and sometimes tripled over night. Elkton, Md was a little farming community, until an ammunition plant was built there. There pop. went from 6,000 to 12,000, 80% were women Cali. Population went from 12,000 to 60,000 all because of a major airplane company. Major cities also gained a ton of people (Washington D.C. Los Angles, San Francisco, Portland, Seattle, San Antonio, Dallas This led to housing and food shortages in these areas. Not because of money, because of how many people were in these areas.

11. Social Adjustments Most dads were in the war, mothers struggled to parent their children alone. Kids were usually watched by neighbors, or child- care centers. Teenagers left at home alone, usually ended up in Juvenile centers. Fathers who finally came home led to a painful period of readjustment as family got to know one another again. The war created new families, as people hurried up and married before they were shipped overseas. This led to a huge marriage boom. Many of these marriages led to divorces. 31 in every 100 marriages ended up in divorces (502,000). Many “Dear John” letters were sent from wives saying they found someone new. GI Bill of Rights was made in 1944, providing education, training, housing loans, and helping veterans get into jobs and colleges. Veterans never would have been able to afford college, or get a job

12. African Americans in the Military The war was a turning point for African Americans Segregation was a issue in the military They were assigned to all black units and assigned to rigidly segregated camps for training in the south Many black units distinguished themselves in combat Famous black infantries included: the 92nd infantry division (Buffaloes), the 99th Fighter Squadron (Tuskegee Airmen) is the logo for the 92nd infantry division

13. Mexican Americans in Wartime Like African Americans, Mexicans experienced both progress and prejudice during the war years Mexicans were fighting against racism at home as anti- mexicans “zoot-riots” broke lose Zoot riots- style of dress adopted by Mexican-American youths as a symbol of rebellion to tradition. What they wore? They wore knee- length suit jackets. Pleated pants nipped in at the cuff. Broad- brimmed hats were often worn with the suits. This started because a riot broke out, since 11 sailors in LA stated they were attacked by Mexican Americans. THE PICTURE IS A SIGN IN AMERICA DURING WW2

14. Japanese Americans in a Struggle for Justice Japanese had a daily struggle to maintain their dignity in the face of injustice. Americans locked up Japanese in U.S. internment camps. Young men escaped the camps by volunteering for Military services. Japanese fought for justice both in the courts and in the congress. There was a court case called Korematsu v. United states were the government was justified on the basis of “military necessity.” Japanese American Citizen League (JACL) was formed after the war They pushed the government to compensate those sent to the camps for their lost property. Ten years later, congress passed a bill that gave $20,000 to every Japanese American sent to the camp during the war.

15. Key Terms • Satellite Nation- A country that is dominated politically and economically by another nation. (Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Poland) • Containment-The effort to block the Soviet’s attempts to spread their influence by creating alliances and supporting weaker countries • Cold War-The state of hostility short of direct military confrontation that developed between the two superpowers • Truman Doctrine- A US policy announced by President Harry Truman in 1947 that provided $400 million worth of economic and military aid to free nations threatened by internal or external opponents

16. Key Terms • Marshall Plan- The program, proposed by Secretary of State George Marshall in 1947, under which the United States supplied $12.5 billion worth of economic aid to European nations to help them rebuild after World War II • Berlin Airlift- A 327 day operation in which British and US planes flew food and supplies into West Berlin after the Soviets blockaded the city in 1948 • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)- A defensive military alliance formed by the 10 Western European nations of Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, and Portugal

17. Key People • Franklin Roosevelt- Democrat, and 32nd President of the United States. Once Roosevelt was killed, he was replaced by his Vice President, Harry Truman. (1933-1945) • Harry Truman- Democrat, and 33rd President of the United States. Truman stepped in for Roosevelt, and took control of the nation in a time of uncertainty, during the Cold War. (1884-1972) • Joseph Stalin- The Leader of the Soviet Union. Stalin attempted to make all of Western Europe a Communist nation, so he could establish a totalitarian form of government. The United States won the battle against Communism, defeating Stalin and putting a halt to the USSR.

18. Key People • Winston Churchill- Made a speech in Fulton, Missouri, discussing the “Iron Curtain” that has descended across the country. Stalin declared Churchill’s words an “act of war.” • General George Marshall- United States Secretary of State in 1947 who created the Marshall Plan. • George F. Kennan- An American diplomat who lived in Moscow who proposed the United States policy of containment

19. Images

20. Mao Zedong • Communist leader in the Civil War • Ruled North China after the WWII • He promised to give land to every one who supported him in order to gain supporters. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao_Zedong

21. Chiang Kai-shek • Nationalist leader during the civil war. • Ruled South China After WWII • Under him the government struggled with inflation and failing economy. • Corrupt and weak government. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/96926/Chiang-Kai-shek-1953

22. Chinese Civil War • When the Japanese were defeated, Communists and Nationalists stop cooperating and the Civil War erupts. • The Communists had the people’s support, and the Nationalists had the U.S.’s support. • U.S. gives $2 Billion in weapons and supplies to the Nationalists. • The aid was not enough since the corrupt government drove people to the Communists side • Chiang and the rest of the government flee to Taiwan, or Formosa.

23. Korean War • The Japanese leave After WWII, which causes Korea to split among the 38th Parallel, North becomes communist. • June 25, 1950, North Korea Attacks South Korea • The U.S. support the South Koreans and send naval and air support. • June 27, 1950, UN Security Council also agree to aid South Korea, and send 520,000 troops to assist South Korea, of which 90% are U.S. troops. • All troops were placed under the Command of General Douglas MacArthur

24. United States in Korea • Mac Arthur Launches a counterattack on September 15, 1950 and his troops push the North Korean troops above the 38th parallel • They end up pushing the troops all the way to the Chinese border • The Chinese (now communists) help North Korea and Push the UN troops back below the 38th parallel. • Now MacArthur wants to attack China too, but Truman wont allow it because China has millions of soldiers. • The war ends in a stalemate with a cease-fire in july, 1951. • The U.S. succeed in their Containment Policy.

25. http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/bender4/eall131/EAHReadings/module02/m02korean.htmlhttp://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/bender4/eall131/EAHReadings/module02/m02korean.html