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The Biological Bases of Behavior Chapter

Dive into the intricate workings of the brainstem, thalamus, cerebellum, and limbic system to comprehend their roles in behavior and cognitive function. Learn about key structures like the medulla, reticular formation, hippocampus, and amygdala through engaging video modules to enhance your understanding of brain anatomy.

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The Biological Bases of Behavior Chapter

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  1. The Biological Bases of Behavior Chapter

  2. The Brain Module 07

  3. Phineas Gage • Play “The Frontal Lobes and Behavior: The Story of Phineas Gage” (12:03) Module #25 from The Brain: Teaching Modules (2nd edition).

  4. Lower-Level Brain Structures: The Brainstem Module 7: The Brain

  5. Brainstem • The oldest part and central core of the brain; • It begins where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull • Is responsible for automatic survival functions

  6. Brainstem

  7. Medulla • Located at the base of the brainstem • Controls life-supporting functions like heartbeat and breathing • Damage to this area can lead to death.

  8. Medulla

  9. Brain Structures - Brainstem/Medulla • Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2h from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. • Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

  10. Brain Structures - Brainstem/Medulla • Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2i from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. • Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

  11. Reticular Formation • A nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling wakefulness and arousal • Extending up and down the spinal cord into the brain • Controls an organism’s level of alertness • Damage to this area can cause a coma.

  12. Lower-Level Brain Structures: The Thalamus Module 7: The Brain

  13. Thalamus • Sits atop the brainstem • The brain’s sensory switchboard – • Directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex • Thalamus is Greek for “inner chamber.”

  14. Thalamus

  15. Brain Structures - Thalamus • Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2a from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. • Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

  16. Brain Structures - Thalamus • Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2b from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. • Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

  17. Lower-Level Brain Structures: The Cerebellum Module 7: The Brain

  18. Cerebellum • Latin for the “little brain” • Attached to the rear of the brain • Helps coordinate voluntary movements and balance • If damaged, the person could perform basic movements but would lose fine coordination skills.

  19. Cerebellum

  20. Cerebellum

  21. Brain Structures - Cerebellum • Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2j from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. • Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

  22. Brain Structures - Cerebellum • Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2k from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. • Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

  23. Lower-Level Brain Structures: The Limbic System Module 7: The Brain

  24. Limbic System • A ring of structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral cortex • Helps regulate memory, aggression, fear, hunger, and thirst • Includes the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala

  25. Brain Structures – Limbic System • Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2g from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. • Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

  26. Hypothalamus • A neural structure lying below the thalamus • Regulates the body’s maintenance activities such as; eating, drinking, body temperature, and it linked to emotion • Plays a role in emotions, pleasure, and sexual function

  27. Hypothalamus and Aggression • Play “Aggression, Violence, and the Brain” (7:17) Module #24 from The Brain: Teaching Modules (2nd edition).

  28. Hippocampus • A neural center located in the limbic system that wraps around the back of the thalamus • Helps processing new memories for permanent storage • Looks something like a seahorse • Hippo is Greek for “horse.”

  29. Amygdala • Two almond shaped neural cluster in the limbic system • Controls emotional responses such as fear and anger

  30. Brain Structures – Lower Brain • Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2l from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. • Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

  31. Brain Structures – Lower Brain • Insert “Brain Structures” Video #2m from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. • Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

  32. The Cerebral Cortex Module 7: The Brain

  33. Cerebral Cortex • The intricate fabric of interconnected neurons that form the body’s ultimate control and information processing center • Covers the brain’s lower level structures • Contains an estimated 30 billion nerve cells • Divided into four lobes

  34. Corpus Callosum • The large band of neural fibers that connects the two brain hemispheres and allows them to communicate with each other • Is sometimes cut to prevent seizures

  35. Corpus Callosum

  36. Corpus Callosum • Play “Severed Corpus Callosum” (10:00) Segment #7 from Scientific American Frontiers: Video Collection for Introductory Psychology (2nd edition).

  37. Longitudinal Fissure • The long crevice that divides the cerebral cortex into left and right hemispheres • This and other fissures in the brain create major divisions in the brain called lobes

  38. Frontal Lobes • The portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead • Is involved in planning and judgments • Includes the motor cortex

  39. The Frontal Lobe • Play “The Frontal Lobes: Cognition and Awareness” (9:05) Segment #7 from The Mind: Psychology Teaching Modules (2nd edition).

  40. Parietal Lobes • The portion of the cerebral cortex lying on the top of the head and toward the rear • Includes the somatosensory cortex and general association areas used in processing information • Regions available for general processing, including mathematical reasoning • Designated as the association lobes • Behind the frontal lobes

  41. Occipital Lobe • The portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head • It includes the primary visual processing areas of the brain

  42. Temporal Lobes • Includes the auditory (hearing) areas of the brain • Where sound information is processed • Located roughly above the ears

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