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ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY. Static Electricity. Static electricity is when a charge is built up on an object. The charges do not move. This is usually caused by friction. Examples: feet rubbing against the carpet, combing hair, rubbing a plastic strip with a cloth. Static Electricity.

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ELECTRICITY

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  1. ELECTRICITY

  2. Static Electricity • Static electricity is when a charge is built up on an object. The charges do not move. This is usually caused by friction. Examples: feet rubbing against the carpet, combing hair, rubbing a plastic strip with a cloth.

  3. Static Electricity • Static electricity cannot hurt. • Static electricity does not supply any useful energy.

  4. Positive Negative Neutral – This means that there is no net charge on the object. There are equal numbers of + and – charges. Opposite charges will attract. Like charges will repel. Neutrally charged objects are attracted by both + & -. This is a very strong force. There are 3 types of charges.

  5. A conductor is a substance that allows current to flow through it. Examples: copper & most other metals, graphite, the human body An insulator is a substance that does not allow current to pass through it easily. Examples: plastic, rubber, glass, wood. Conductors and Insulators

  6. Current Electricity • Current is when the charges are moving. The movement allows them to do work for us. Examples: lightning, a “shock” from a door knob, current in a wire

  7. Current • Current can cause pain and/or be fatal. Care is required. • Current also supplies a great deal of useful energy.

  8. Characteristics of Current

  9. Voltage • The amount of energy carried by the electrons moving through the circuit. • Measured in volts (v) • 1 volt = 1 joule per coulomb of charge • The voltage is set by the energy source. Example: a 1.5 volt battery or a 110 volt wall socket

  10. Current • The flow of electrons through a conductor. • Measured in amperes (amps) • 1 amp = 1 coulomb per second • Set by the appliance.

  11. Resistance • The tendency of a material to resist the flow of charges. • Measured in ohms (W) • The filament in a light bulb has a high resistance. This is why it gets so hot it glows.

  12. Series and Parallel Circuits

  13. Series Circuits • In a series circuit all the current must flow through every appliance in the circuit. If one of the appliances goes out, they all go out. Notice that the energy seems to run out.

  14. Series Circuit

  15. Parallel Circuit • In a parallel circuit the current flow splits up and goes to different parts of the circuit. If one bulb or appliance goes out, the rest stay on. All bulbs are equally bright.

  16. Parallel Circuit

  17. Schematic Diagrams Series Circuit Parallel Circuit

  18. Direct Current (DC) & Alternating Current (AC)

  19. Direct Current • Direct current is when the electrical current moves in one direction all the time. • Examples: batteries

  20. Alternating Current • Alternating current is when the direction of the flow of current changes 60 times per second. It can be carried long distances from power plants • Example: wall sockets

  21. Power • The amount of energy used in a period of time; P = energy / time • For electricity: Power = voltage x current (P = v x i) • Units: watts or kilowatts (1000 watts)

  22. Energy • The ability to do work or cause change. • For electricity: Energy = voltage x current x time (EE = v x i x t) or (EE = P x t) • Units: joules or kilowatt-hours

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