Emergency First Aid at Work Course - Learn to Treat Illnesses and Injuries

1. Emergency First Aid at Work Laura Chadwick Welcome

2. Registered and Approved by First Aid Industry Body 40/04 (124)

3. Course Aims and Objectives By the end of the course students will be able to: • Recognise and treat a range of minor illnesses • Recognise and manage a range of minor injuries effectively • Perform Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation effectively. • Answer correctly a range of multiple choice questions about the subjects covered during the day

4. Aims and Objectives By the end of this session students will: • Introduce themselves/others to the group • Recall the safety procedures for the venue whilst on the course • Know what is expected of them to successfully complete the qualification

5. House Keeping • Mobile Phones • Toilets • Fire Alarms • Start and Finish • Breaks • Participation • Practical elements • Special requirements • Assessment Questions ?

6. Ice Breaker With a partner discuss what experience you have of First Aid, what you do and why you are attending the course, feedback to the group

7. Aims and Objectives By the end of this session students will be: • Able to set ground rules for all on the course • Able to state the aims of a first aider • Know the safety procedures for the venue whilst on the course • Know what is expected of them to successfully complete the qualification • Able to list the contents of a first aid kit • Discuss considerations when surveying a scene

8. Ground Rules • Listen • Respect • Don’t talk over • Value everyone's opinion • Avoid all offensive language • Everyone is entitled to an opinion but within reason! • Be supported • Support others • Take part

9. Page 3 P P P The aims of first aid Preserve Life Prevent Worsening Promote Recovery

10. Choose Well

11. Page 4 First Aid Kits Guidance leaflet

12. First Aid Kits

13. Page 4 Scene survey A serious accident at work What things should you consider before treating anyone? • What happened? • Further danger? • Can you cope? • Number of casualties? • Emergency services? • Who needs help first?

14. Aims and Objectives By the end of this session students will be: • Recognise, examine and give appropriate treatment to an unconscious casualty • Demonstrate and explain the importance of maintaining a clear and open airway • Perform the primary survey, action for vomit and recovery position • Identify life threatening conditions

15. Page 6 The primary survey • Treat life-threatening conditions as soon as you find them, before moving on • You might not get as far as C • “Catastrophic Bleeding” can be prioritised before “Airway”

16. Page 6 Life-threatening conditions • The tongue • Vomit • Choking • Burns • Strangulation • Hanging • Anaphylaxis • Heart attack • Heart failure • Severe bleeding • Poisoning • Anaphylaxis • Cardiac arrest • Asthma • Crushing of chest • Chest injury • Collapsed lung • Poisoning • Anaphylaxis • Cardiac arrest

17. Recognising life-threatening conditions • Pale clammy skin(for dark skin look at the colour of the skin inside the lips) • Blue tinges to the skin and lips (cyanosis) • Increase in pulse rate • Nausea or vomiting • Increased breathing rate (if the brain detects low oxygen) • Lowered breathing rate (indicates a brain problem) • Distressed breathing or gasping • Confusion or dizziness

18. Page 8 Primary Survey D Danger R Response A Airway B Breathing Normally? C Circulation

19. Page 8 Action for Vomiting Gurgling noises with the unconscious casualty?

20. Page 15 Recovery position 15 1 2 3 4

21. Unconscious casualty • DO: • Turn the casualty on to the opposite side every 30 minutes if they are in the recovery position for a prolonged period. • Place a heavily pregnant casualty on her leftside to help circulation. • DO NOT: • Place a pillow under the head whilst the casualty is on their back. • Place anything in an unconscious casualty’s mouth.

22. Page 14 Levels of response – AVPU A Alert V Voice P Pain U Unresponsive

23. Aims and Objectives By the end of this session students will be: • Able to explain what the chain of survival is and why the chain of survival is so important • Identify the need for CPR • Perform effective CPR on the adult manikin • List a range of problems which may occur during CPR and how to manage them • State the nature of agonal gasping

24. Chain of survival

25. Page 40 Resuscitation (CPR)

26. Resuscitation (CPR) WARNING: In the first few minutes after cardiac arrest, a casualty may be barely breathing, or taking infrequent, noisy gasps. These are known as agonal gasps and should not be confused with normal breathing. If you are in doubt, start CPR.

27. Resuscitation (CPR) BONDI BEACH

28. Resuscitation (CPR) Sometimes a casualty can have a seizure-like episode when the heart stops. Carefully consider if the casualty is breathing normally.

29. Resuscitation (CPR) CHRIS SOLOMONS ‘Seizure like episode’ at 2:37.

30. Aims and Objectives By the end of this session students will be: • Able to identify the pulse points • Able to perform an effective pulse check on another person at the carotid and radial pulses

31. Taking a Pulse

32. Secondary survey Primary Survey First – DRABC Recovery Position? History, Signs and Symptoms Head and Neck Shoulders and Chest Abdomen and Pelvis Legs and Arms Pockets and Clues

33. Aims and Objectives By the end of this session students will be: • Able to explain how oxygen gets into the body and how it is transported to the tissues and organs

34. The respiratory system

35. The respiratory system

36. Aims and Objectives By the end of this session students will be: • Able to describe what a choking casualty looks like • Demonstrate effective treatment methods to relieve choking

37. Page 17 Choking recognition • Often happens whilst eating / drinking • Ask “are you choking?” Mild choking: Severe choking: • Can cough and answer your question • Weakening cough • Unable to speak – may ‘nod’ in response to your question. • Struggling or unable to breathe. • Distressed look on the face. • Will become unconscious if untreated.

38. Page 17 Choking adult or child Cough! 5 Back Blows 5 Abdominal Thrusts

39. Choking – unconsciouscasualty Unconscious = Start CPR!

40. Choking – seeking medical advice • After successful choking treatment, seek immediate medical attention if the casualty: • Has received abdominal thrusts; • Has difficulty swallowing; • Has a persistent cough; OR • Feels like ‘an object is still stuck in the throat’.

41. Aims and Objectives By the end of this session students will be: • Able to describe the signs and symptoms of shock • Demonstrate effective treatment for shock

42. Page 21 Shock “ A lack of oxygen to the tissues of the body, usually caused by a fall in blood volume or blood pressure” What might cause this?

43. Shock – normal circulation The heart is pumping fine, there is enough blood and the blood vessels have good tone and nothing is leaking.

44. Hypovolaemic Shock - Recognition • Pale clammy skin • Dizziness or passing out • A fast, weak pulse • Rapid shallow breathing Treatment? Blood or fluids are lost

45. Aims and Objectives By the end of this session students will be: • Able to list the three different types of blood vessel • Demonstrate effective treatment for bleeding • Able to state what the different types of wound are • Demonstrate the effective application of dressings and bandages

46. Warning The following slides contain pictures of injuries and blood

47. Types of bleeding spurts oozes trickles

48. Page 22 Treatment of bleeding Sit or Lay Examine Pressure 10 minutes Dress • Rapidly assess: • Type of bleed • Exact point of bleeding • Foreign objects

49. Page 24 Minor injuries – contusion (bruise) Bruise

50. Types of wound – incision