Conservation of Stuff (with some type of energy thrown in)

1. Conservation of Stuff(with some type of energy thrown in) Mike Hannigan (and Galileo’s Dad) Intro to Sustainable Energy Wed., January 24, 2007

2. Conservation • (Webster’s Dictionary) n. the act of keeping free from depletion, decay, or injury • If you search the Microsoft Office images for ‘conservation’ you get …

3. Conservation of Mass a.k.a. Conservation of Matter, Lomonosov’s Law • Mikhail Lomonosov • Born in far north Russia in 1711 • Walked to Moscow at 17 • Father of modern chemistry • First to formulate this concept Lomonosov’s Chemistry Lab What does this mean? "All changes in nature are such that inasmuch is taken from one object insomuch is added to another. So, if the amount of matter decreases in one place, it increases elsewhere. This universal law of nature embraces laws of motion as well, for an object moving others by its own force in fact imparts to another object the force it loses" in a letter to Leonhard Euler dated July 5, 1748

4. Conservation of Mass The most fundamental ‘scientific law’.

5. water Let’s take a sideways step • Who remembers the big drought a few years ago? • What were the headlines saying? “Water Police Visit City Council Members” (7/13/2002) Boulder Daily Camera • What happens to water once you have consumed it? • Water is conserved only it’s location changes. At Niwot Feed Store, I heard “flush twice for the farmers.” This is solid thinking.

6. What about other forms of matter? • Gasoline • Coal • Natural Gas • Steak • So what is really conserved? Carbons, Oxygens, Hydrogens

7. Joule's apparatus for measuring the mechanical equivalent of heat. A descending weight attached to a string causes a paddle immersed in water to rotate. Conservation of Energy "besides the 54 known chemical elements there is in the physical world one agent only, and this is called Kraft [energy or work]. It may appear, according to circumstances, as motion, chemical affinity, cohesion, electricity, light and magnetism; and from any one of these forms it can be transformed into any of the others." • Galileo (1638) • Pendulum • Potential to Kinetic • Thomas Young (1807) • Coined ‘life force’ to be energy • Karl Mohr (1837) • First to publish idea • Julius von Mayer & James Joule (1840s) • Kinetic to Heat

8. Conservation of Energy Definition from the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 65th edition, CRC press “Energy can neither be created nor destroyed and therefore the total amount of energy in the universe remains constant.” Why should I switch off the lights to conserve energy, when there is a law which states that energy is always conserved?

9. Conservation of Energy • a.k.a., 1st Law of Thermodynamics • Does anyone know what the 0th, 2nd, or 3rd Laws of Thermodynamics are? • You have to play the game • You can’t win • You can’t break even • You can’t quit • Leo is learning the 0th Law

10. So what does energy consumption mean? Consumption means Conversion • When you consume gasoline, what are you doing? • Internal energy • Bonds between atoms have energy • Heat • Kinetic energy of the molecules present - temperature • Mechanical energy • Pistons moving to drive shaft moving to axle moving to tires rotating (and the car moves gaining kinetic energy) • How about making toast? • Need to understand different forms.

11. Forms of Energy • Kinetic • Potential (gravimetric potential) • Heat (kinetic energy of atoms) • Electrical (electric potential) • Electromagnetic (oscillating electric potential) • Chemical energy (kinetic and electric potential) • Nuclear (strong nuclear potential)

12. References • Lomonosov • Information from wikipedia (accessed on 1/24/2007) and photo fromhttp://max.mmlc.northwestern.edu/~mdenner/Demo/poetpage/lomonosov.htm • Conservation of Energy • Karl Mohr quote is from Über die Natur der Wärme, published in the Zeitschrift für Physik in 1837 • Poetic versions of the laws of thermodynamics were penned by Allen Ginsberg