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Modulating Role of Vitamins C and E Against Transport-Induced Stress in Pullets

Investigate stress effects during road transport on Black Harco pullets. Vitamin C and E showed promise in reducing stress. Learn about antioxidants, atoms, free radicals, diseases, and immune responses in poultry.

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Modulating Role of Vitamins C and E Against Transport-Induced Stress in Pullets

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  1. Modulating Role of Vitamins C and E against Transport-Induced Stress in Pullets during the Hot-Dry Conditions N. S.Minka1 and J. O. Ayo2 1College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Division of Agricultural Colleges, P. M. B 2134, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando, 2134 Kaduna, Nigeria 2Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, 1082 Zaria, Nigeria الطالب / أسعد ياسين اشراف أ.د. أحمد محمد الوزيري

  2. Vit C & Vit E as Antioxidents • Both AA and E are known to be chain-breaking antioxidants, involved in the prevention and restriction of free radical chain formation and propagation, and consequently, protecting the blood cells from oxidative damage • Similarly, AA and vitamin E are shown to inhibit the release of corticosteroid, a hormone known to destroy immune cells.

  3. Both of Vit C & Vit E are AntioxidentsWhat Are Antioxidants? Antioxidants: chemicals that protect cells from damage from oxidation, including the following nutrients • Vitamin E • Vitamin C • Beta-carotene • Vitamin A • Selenium

  4. Structure of Atoms Atom: the smallest unit of matter. • Atoms are composed of • Nucleus—positively charged center portion of the atom • Electrons—negatively charged particles surrounding the nucleus

  5. Structure of Atoms Figure 8.1

  6. Oxidation Oxidation: the loss of electrons from a molecule. Reduction: the gain of electrons by a molecule. Oxidation and reduction usually occur together as an exchange reaction.

  7. Oxidation Figure 8.2

  8. Oxidation Stable atoms contain an even number of paired electrons. Free radical: an atom that has lost an electron and is left with an unpaired electron. • Free radicals are highly reactive and can cause damage to molecules in the cell

  9. Formation of Free Radicals Figure 8.4

  10. Formation of Free Radicals Many metabolic processes involve oxidation reactions and can produce free radicals. • Free radicals are also produced by • Pollution • Ultraviolet light and radiation • Toxic substances

  11. Formation of Free Radicals Free radicals cause damage to • Cell membranes • Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) • Proteins in the cell • Genetic material (DNA)

  12. Arthritis Kidney Disease Alzheimer’s disease Diseases Linked to Free Radicals • Cancer • Heart disease • Diabetes

  13. Antioxidants Antioxidants can function in different ways. • Some vitamins donate their electrons to free radicals to stabilize them • Some Vitamins act with complex enzyme systems to destroy free radicals • Superoxide dismutase • Catalase • Glutathione peroxidase

  14. Antioxidant system of mammalian cells Smith et al.,1984

  15. Vitamin E Functions of Vitamin E • Primary role is as an antioxidant • Protects polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) • Protects low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)

  16. Vitamin E Deficiency: • Vitamin E deficiencies are uncommon • Can result in fragile red blood cells (erythrocyte hemolysis)

  17. Vitamin C Functions of Vitamin C • Antioxidant • Synthesis of collagen • Prevents the disease scurvy • Enhances the immune system • Enhances the absorption of iron

  18. Vitamin C Defeciency: • Scurvy: the most common vitamin C deficiency disease • Most scurvy symptoms are due to collagen breakdown

  19. IMMUNITY ACQUIRED • INNATE • Physical and chemical barriers • Phagocytes • (Neutrophils (heterophiles) & Macrophages) • -Inflammatory process. • antigen antibody immunity: Specific towards particular antigen and enhanced with repeated exposure • (Mediated by lymphocytes)

  20. Heterophil/lymphocyte ratio • The H/L ratio has been accepted as the most reliable index for determining long-term effect of various stressors in poultry and other livestock

  21. In stress Increased cortisol in blood Antagonist the insulin action Prevents glucose uptake by insulin receptor Prevent entry of glucose to vital tissue Immune system under stress.

  22. Aims of Study • The aims of the present study were to investigate changes in blood parameters, liveweight loss, traumatic injury, and mortality encountered by Black Harco pullets during road transport and to suggest the use of antioxidant vitamins AA and E as an antistress.

  23. Materials and MethodsBirds and Management

  24. Meteorological Data.

  25. Experimental Design

  26. Blood Sampels

  27. vehicle used for the journey was a modified Bedford bus (made in England)

  28. Vehicle Design and Journey Duration.

  29. Blood Sampling and Analysis

  30. Detection of Traumatic Injuries

  31. Body Weight Measurement • body weight of 20 birds from each group was recorded before, immediately, after and three days post transportation.

  32. Results

  33. conclusion • the administration of antioxidant vitamins AA, E, and AA + E, especially AA, alleviated the risk of adverse effects of road transportation stress in pullets during the hot-dry season.

  34. The End

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