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Observational and Experimental

Observational and Experimental. Two Branches of Statistics. What’s the difference?. Observational Statistics. Experimental Statistics. Manipulate the inputs “The Independent Variable” “The Explanatory Variable” Measure the outputs “The Dependent variable” “The Outcome Variable”

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Observational and Experimental

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  1. Observational and Experimental Two Branches of Statistics

  2. What’s the difference? Observational Statistics Experimental Statistics Manipulate the inputs “The Independent Variable” “The Explanatory Variable” Measure the outputs “The Dependent variable” “The Outcome Variable” Make conclusions based on the data you’ve collected • Just observe • And take measurements • No interference with the sample’s subjects • Make conclusions based on the data you’ve collected

  3. Example Observational Statistics Experimental Statistics Does this new drug improve the condition of patients? We’re manipulating the subjects in the study. And then recording the results. And making conclusions. • What proportion of people in the population suffer from this condition? • We only survey and record existing data. • We can make conclusions • How pervasive? • Particular subgroups?

  4. Lurking and Confounding • A Lurking Variable • It’s important and it has some effect on the outputs • But we didn’t include it our study • A Confounding Variable • It has an effect on the outputs that we measure • But we have no way to separate it out of the problem

  5. Lurking and Confounding • “Children who study music have higher math scores.” • But what about sociological factors like the parents and the home? • “Moderate use of wine has more health benefits than moderate use of beer.” • But what about diet, exercise, lifestyle, income, etc.?

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