The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method The Breakdown!

What is the Scientific Method? The steps you take to gain knowledge by using an experiment.

1. Step 1 State the Problem a. Scientist put the problem into question form b. How will ____________________ affect ________________. c. For example: How will soap affect surface tension?

Partner AHow will _________ affect ________? • You want to see what color of bird feeder the local birds preferred. • Put this problem in the correct question form • How will ____________ affect _____________?

Correct Answer How will the color of the bird feeder affect the number of local birds.

Partner BHow will _________ affect ________? • Put this problem in the correct question form • How will ____________ affect _____________?

Correct Answer How will the amount of water affect the growth of the bean plant?

Practice:How will ________ affect _______? • Read each problem or look at the picture to determine the problem. • 2 min Rally – Coach: Partner A solve and discuss with Partner B (DO NOT WIRTE) . Once you agree write the correct question on your white board. • Once 2 minute is up you will move to a new problem and switch roles.

Step 2: Gather Information • Research about your __________________. • You do not want to be denied…..You want to make a good ____________________. • Use what you already _________________ • Look up information on the ________________. • Use a __________________. • Be sure to __________________ your sources. Question Prediction Know! Internet BOOK evaluate

Research • Partner A: What were some of the things you research about surface tension? • Partner B: Why did you do research about surface tension?

Partner A • How will amount of water affect the growth of a bean plant? • Name three things you would research to make a good hypothesis.

Partner B • How will the color of the bird feeder affect the number of local birds? • Name three things you would research to make a good hypothesis.

Practice - Research • Read each problem or look at the picture to determine the problem. • 1 min Carousel – Partner A Begins • Say the question out loud. DO NOT WRITE ONLY SAY OUT LOUD • On the paper provided list 1 thing you would research to make a good hypothesis. • YOU CAN NOT REPEAT WHAT ANOTHER GROUP HAS WRITEN. • Switch roles when you move to another problem.

Step 3: Form a Hypothesis Prediction • A hypothesis is a ___________________ bases on your _____________________. • To be valid it has to be something that you can test by using an _____________________. • A good hypothesis is formed in a __________.... ___________.... Statement Research experiment If Then

d. For Example: If soapy water is added to the penny then fewer drops will fit on the penny. i. Is it testable? ii. Is it predicting?

Partner A • How will the color of the bird feeder affect the number of local birds? • Pretend you have done your research. • 2 minute - Rally Coach – Create a hypothesis that includes (Remember DO NOT WRITE until you agree) • IF…Then… • Testable • Predicting Based on Research

Partner B • How will amount of water affect the growth of a bean plant? • Pretend you have done your research. • 2 minutes - Rally Coach – Create a hypothesis that includes (Remember DO NOT WRITE until you agree) • IF…Then… • Testable • Predicting Based on Research

Mix Freeze- Make a Hypothesis • For each question write a Hypothesis that is • 1. In an If…Then…Statement • 2. Predicting based on your research • 3. Testable

Write a hypothesis for this question. How will the color of the fish food effect the amount of food a fish will eat?

Write a hypothesis for this question. How will force effect the speed of an object?

Write a hypothesis for this question. How will red bull effect your heart?

Write a hypothesis for this question. How will light effect the growth of a plant?

Individual Assignment • 1. Complete Vocabulary Words: Scientific Method, Question, and Hypothesis. • Find the definition in your notes and highlight the definition. • Draw a picture that represents your definition. • SEE VOCABULARY EXAMPLE ( This goes in the front of your vocabulary section.) • 2. Complete Questions 1-3 on each experiment (3 of them) in the “Using the Scientific Method” Simpsons packet. • Read the experiment • Use your Unit 1 Lesson 2 Notes to help you answer 1-3 in each of the 3 experiments.

Step 4 Experiment • An experiment is used to test your _____________ that was based on your ______________. • There are 7 things you need to perform a valid experiment. • What do you have to have to perform an experiment? hypothesis research

4. Experiment • M __________________ • P ___________________ • V ___________________ • I_________________ __________________ • D_________________ __________________ • C _________________ • C _________________ ____________ aterials rocedure ariales ndependent variable ependent variable onstants ontrol group

4. Experiment 4.1 Materials • Materials are what you will _______________ in the experiment. • What did we need to test the affect of soap on water’s surface tension? need

4. Experiment 4.2 Procedure • The ________________ you will take to test your hypothesis. • A procedure is much like a ____________. steps recipe

Activity: Procedure: Draw the Shape • Each person choose a simple shape. • You have 3 minutes to write a procedure on how to draw this shape. STEP by STEP. • EX: • First you pick up your marker and your board. • Second ….. • After 3 minutes is up Partner B read your procedure to partner A and they will try to draw your shape on a scrap piece of paper. (You have 2 minutes) • Switch

Step 4 Experiment 4.3 Variables a. A Variable is any part of the experiment that can be _____________________. b. Independent Variable: The one part of the experiment that is ___________________ by the ______________ performing the experiment. c. Dependent Variable: The part of the experiment that is affected by the ________________ __________________. changed changed person Independent variable

Step 4: Experiment How will _____________________ effect ______________? 4.4 Identifying the Variables • What did we change in the penny lab? • Independent variable: ___________ • What did the change effect? • Dependent variable: _______________ • Look back at the question… • How will _________________ (IV) affect __________________ (DV) Type of Water Surfacetension Soap (water type) Surface tension

Find the IV and the DV for this question. How will the color of the fish food effect the amount of food a fish will eat?

Find the IV and DV for this Question. How will force effect the speed of an object?

Find the IV and the DV for this question. How will red bull effect your heart?

Find the IV and the DV for this question. How will light effect the growth of a plant?

Assignment • 1. Student Exploration: Growing Plants Gizmo • Work with shoulder partner • Rally coach – A does #1, B does #2, A does #3, B does #4….. (Both of you write the answers in your Packet) • You do not WRITE until you have explained your answer and your partner agrees! • 2. Using the Scientific Method Simpsons Packet • Read the experiment • Use your Unit 1 Lesson 2 notes to help you complete numbers 4 and 5 in each of the 3 experiments. • 3. Complete Vocabulary Words: Experiment, Procedure, Materials, Independent Variable and Dependent Variable.

Step 4: Experiment 4.5Constants • Constants are any part of the experiment that ________ the ____________. • This is to keep the experiment ____________. • You can only change one thing and that is the ____________ ____________. • What did we keep the same in the penny lab? stay same fair Independent variable

A bird example… How would you keep this experiment fair? • How will the color of the bird feeder affect the amount of local birds. • What would you keep constant to be sure this experiment was fair? • On your white board come up with a list of 3 things Red? Blue? Green?

Some possible answers

Is Sam’s experiment fair? YES? NO? and WHY? NO! It isn’t fair since the locations of the feeders were very different!

Individual Assignment • 1. Complete Vocabulary Words: Constants

Step 4:Experiment compare 4.6. Control Group and Testing Group • A control group is used to ______________ with the testing group (the independent variable) • Control group is the group that was NOTtreated or influenced by the independent variable. • Testing group is the group that WAS treated by or influenced by the independent variable. • How will soap affect the surface tension of water? • Which group is control and which is testing? IV DV Testing Group Control Group

Smithers thinks that a special juice will increase the productivity of workers. He creates two groups of 50 workers each and assigns each group the same task (in this case, they're supposed to staple a set of papers). Group A is given the special juice to drink while they work. Group B is not given the special juice. After an thirty minutes Smithers counts how many stacks of papers each group has made. Group A made 30 stacks, Group B made 50 stacks. Question: How will the special juice effect the productivity of the workers? 1. IV _____________________ DV____________________ 2. Which group is affected by the IV? Group A or Group B? 3. Identify the control and the testing group.

Assignment • 1. Student Exploration: Growing Plants Gizmo (control and testing group) • Work with shoulder partner • Rally coach – A does #1, B does #2, A does #3, B does #4….. (Both of you write the answers in your Packet) • You do not WRITE until you have explained your answer and your partner agrees! • 2. Using the Scientific Method Simpsons Packet • Read the experiment • Use your Unit 1 Lesson 2 notes to help you complete numbers 6 and 7 in each of the 3 experiments. • 3. Complete Vocabulary Words: Control Group and Testing Group

Step 5. Record and Analyze Data experiment • Data is collected from the observations you make during your ___________________. • Can be Qualitative: includes only letters. • Example: There were more drops of regular water on the penny then soapy water . • Can be Quantitative: Includes letter and numbers. • Example: On average there were 10 more drops of regular water on the penny then soapy water. • Your data is organized in a _____________. All Letters Letters and Numbers Data table

Data Table • Example: • Organize the data given in you notes into a table.

Data Table Answer

Record and Analyze Data Using Graph Step 5: 1 Dependent Variable ( y axis) (Number of Drops) 4 2 3 Independent Variable ( x axis) (Type of Water)

Analyze: What does graph tell you? • Analyze: Look over your data and find patterns.

Assignment • 1. Student Exploration: Graphing Skills • Work with shoulder partner • Rally coach – A does #1, B does #2, A does #3, B does #4….. (Both of you write the answers in your Packet) • You do not WRITE until you have explained your answer and your partner agrees! • 2. Using the Scientific Method Simpsons Packet • Read the experiment • Use your Unit 1 Lesson 2 notes to help you complete numbers 8 and 9 in each of the 3 experiments. • 3. Complete Vocabulary Words: Analyze, Data,Qualitative Data, and Quantitative Data

Step 6. Conclusion • A conclusion sums up your experiment • Answer four questions in your conclusion • Do the results support my hypothesis? WHY or WHY not? • What did you learn? • How does it apply to the real world? • How valid was the experiment, can you improve the experiment?

The Scientific Method