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Separating Complex Mixtures: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis Methods

This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of flow programming in column separation, including shortened separation time for mixtures with wide volatility and operation at lower temperatures. It also explores qualitative methods such as retention time/volume, absolute retention index, homologous series, and Kovat's retention index, as well as quantitative methods like the external standard method and internal standard method.

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Separating Complex Mixtures: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis Methods

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  1. c Column temp b a time

  2. Flow Programming • shortens separation time for mixtures with wide volatility • permits operation of column at lower temperatures • peak distributions similar to temperature programmed elution • disadvantages include: • difficulty in calibrating flow sensitive detectors • decrease in column efficiency for late eluting peaks

  3. Separating Complex Mixtures

  4. Qualitative Analysis Methods Retention time or volume can be used for identification

  5. Absolute Retention Index Homologous Series

  6. Kovat’s Retention Index

  7. Other Methods

  8. Quantitative Analysis Methods

  9. Quantitative Analysis Methods External standard method Standard solution - contains all eluants to be quantified - similar concentrations to unknown identical matrix Analysis conditions - same as unknown

  10. Quantitative Analysis Methods Internal standard method f = detector response factor

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