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Forest farming

Agroforestry in Pennsylvania and Opportunities & Challenges from Native Medicinal Forest Plant Husbandry Eric Burkhart Mike Jacobson Penn State. Agroforestry. Forest farming. Invasives. Deer!. High Grading. Context. Shift from efficient production to sustainable production

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Forest farming

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  1. Agroforestry in Pennsylvania and Opportunities & Challenges from Native Medicinal Forest Plant Husbandry Eric Burkhart Mike Jacobson Penn State

  2. Agroforestry Forest farming

  3. Invasives Deer! High Grading

  4. Context • Shift from efficient production to sustainable production • Economic decline in rural communities • Soil erosion • Pollution • Water quality • Monocultures • Top five in nation for land use change due to development

  5. Interest in Agroforestry (PA) *Significantly different between PASA and WOA at .05 level ** Significantly different between PASA,WOA, male and female at .05 level

  6. Timber-Related Practices Non-Adopters Specialty Crop Production Livestock- Related Practices

  7. Cluster 3: Progressive Land Manager Interest in Agroforestry NTFP, Patio Gardens CTM Windbreaks, Riparian Buffers Benefits Environmental Conservation Obstacles Access to Information Biophysical Compatibility

  8. Extension • Three Scenarios for Adoption Potential • Timber-Related Practices • Livestock-Related Practices • Specialty Crop, Small-Scale Intensive Practices • Each one reaches a different audience and requires different collaborators • Demonstration sites

  9. Forest farming • An alternative income opportunity • Domestication/cultivation of forest botanicals • Take pressure of ‘wild’ resources • Keep land forested

  10. The husbandry continuum Wild collection (w/ seeding) Propagation (forest, intensive) Propagation (forest, non-intensive) Wild collection (w/ no seeding) Wild collection (w/ extra seeding) Propagation (field, intensive)

  11. Why botanicals? • Health • Are beautiful plants • Concern over habitat loss • Income? • There are markets?

  12. On-going forest botanical (NTFP) market study • Production viability analysis is based upon a 5 year price average from wholesale buyers (1999-2004) • Also looking at price/market trends over time (30+ years) • Many production assumptions that are still being fine tuned • Assume same price for woods cult & wild sim (exception = ginseng). • Time to production (3 = woods cult, 5 = wild sim) • Seed and propagation material costs • Yield estimates (roots per pound, yield per area)

  13. Black cohosh Bloodroot Goldenseal Mayapple Ginseng Burdock Species

  14. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)

  15. Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) • Marketable products: • root (6 + years); • seed • Season: fall • Price paid: $220-$1,500/kg (root) • Demand: very strong • Uses: tonic, stress, mental efficiency, physical performance, fatigue, anti-cancer • Uses:

  16. Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis)

  17. Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) • Season: fall • Price paid: $35-120/kg (root); no data for leaf • Demand: steady and significant • Uses: tonic, mild laxative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, bitter, uterine stimulant, stops internal bleeding, astringent • Marketable products: • root (3 yr. old) • leaf • despite its notoriety, little clinical research

  18. Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa) • Marketable products: • root (3+ yr. old) • Season: fall • Price paid: $6-20/kg (root); $4.50-10.00 per plant as an ornamental • Demand: significant • Uses: medicinal (promotes menstrual flow & regularity, anti-rheumatic) and ornamental • RemiFemin (GlaxoSmithKline)

  19. Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)

  20. Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis) • Marketable products: • root (4-7 yr. old) • Season: Fall • Average root weight: 95 plants/lb. • (Price paid: $16-35/kg (root); $4.50-10.00 per plant as an ornamental • Demand: steady • Uses: medicinal (cancer, topical, expectorant, antiseptic, antibacterial) and as an ornamental

  21. Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum)

  22. Uses • toxic • anticancer properties • laxative • Warts • Price – about $1/kg

  23. Common Burdock Arctium lappa Uses: Skin conditions Laxative Food Price – about $3/kg

  24. Prices • 5 year average from various sources • American Botanicals • Strategic Sourcing, Inc. • Hawk Mountain Trading Co. • Ohio River and Fur, Inc. • Same prices woods and wild grown, except ginseng. • Costs – labor, seed costs, equipment

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