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4.3. Carbon accounting: Field measurements

4.3. Carbon accounting: Field measurements. Markku Kanninen, CIFOR. Carbon accounting 3: Field measurements. Indirect methods for aboveground tree biomass (tree measurement allometric equations, expansion factors, carbon ratio) Direct methods for aboveground tree biomass Destructive sampling

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4.3. Carbon accounting: Field measurements

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  1. 4.3. Carbon accounting: Field measurements Markku Kanninen, CIFOR

  2. Carbon accounting 3: Field measurements • Indirect methods for aboveground tree biomass (tree measurement allometric equations, expansion factors, carbon ratio) • Direct methods for aboveground tree biomass Destructive sampling • Establishment of allometric equations • Methods for other components (litter, soil, non woody biomass)

  3. Five C pools (IPCC GPG)

  4. Existing guidebooks & manuals • Pearson, Walker and Brown (2005): Sourcebook for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Projects • IPCC Good Practice Guidance (2003) • Segura & Kanninen (2001): Inventario para estimar carbono en ecosistemas forestales tropicales [In Spanish] • MacDicken (1997): A Guide to Monitoring Carbon Storage in Forestry and Agroforestry Projects

  5. Field measurements - steps Inventory/field plots Forest area - stratification Age class distribution Volume &biomass - branches, leaves etc. Destructivemeasurements Sample Calculation of the forest carbon pool Wood dry density Carbon fraction Volumeequations FEB Biomassmodels Carbon model Source: Segura & Kanninen 2001

  6. Stratification • Allows to obtain a certain precision of estimations with lower cost than without stratification • Steps: • Divide heterogeneous population into homogenous groups • Apply monitoring (sampling & calculations) to each strata and compile results at the end

  7. Sample size • Calculate the sample size n (number of plots) – based on pre-sampling Where • n = number of plots to be measured • Syx = estimation error • t = Studet t value • S = variance • X = mean value

  8. Field plots • Establish permanent plots if you can (monitoring) • Plot with varying sizes and shapes can be used

  9. Measuring tree biomass • Direct methods • Destructive sampling • Allometric equations • Indirect methods • Volume equations • Allometric equations • Biomass expansion factor (BEF)

  10. Destructive measurements • These direct measurements are needed to generate equations (allometric models) for biomass components that can be used later for indirect estimations • Based on distribution of the population (e.g. age classes, diameter class) a sub-sample for trees to be felled for destructive measurements is selected

  11. Volume & biomass equations Based on destructive measurements, volume equations (for stems) and allometric equations are constructed between easily measurable variables (e.g. tree diameter) and biomass component (e.g. branch biomass) Source: Brown 1997

  12. Biomass expansion factor (BEF) • BEF is the relation between the total tree biomass (Btot)and the stem biomass (Bstem ) • It is used to estimate indirectly the total tree biomass using stem biomass (easy to measure) • Btot = Bstem * BEF Source: Segura & Kanninen 2005

  13. Allometric equations: example Source: Penman et al. 2003

  14. Source Penman et al. 2003

  15. Below ground biomass • Direct methods • Destructive sampling • Allometric equations • Indirect methods • Equations

  16. Dead organic matter • Litter • Sampling • Dead wood • sampling

  17. Soil organic carbon

  18. Thank you for your attention

  19. References • Brown, S. 1997 Estimating biomass and biomass change of tropical forests – A primer. FAO Forestry Paper No. 134. • Hoover, Coeli M (Ed.) 2008 Field Measurements for Forest Carbon Monitoring: A Landscape-Scale Approach. 242 p. Available at: http://www.springer.com/life+sci/ecology/book/978-1-4020-8505-5 • MacDicken, K. G. 1997 A Guide to Monitoring Carbon Storage in Forestry and Agroforestry Projects. Winrock International. • Pearson, T., Walker, S. and Brown, S. 2005 Sourcebook for land use, land-use change and forestry projects. Winrock International and the BioCarbon Fund of the World Bank. 57 p. • Penman. J. et al. 2003 Good practice guidance for land use, land-use change and forestry. IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Program and Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Kanagawa, Japan. Available at: http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gpglulucf/gpglulucf.htm. • Segura, M. and Kanninen, M. 2001 Inventario para estimar carbono en ecosistemas forestales tropicales. In: L. Orozco & C. Brumér (eds.), Inventarios forestales para bosques latifoliados en America Central, Capítulo 8. CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza. Pp. 202-216. [In Spanish] • Segura, M. and Kanninen, M. 2005 Allometric models for estimating volume and total aboveground biomass of seven dominant tree species in a tropical humid forest in Costa Rica. Biotropica 37(1):2-8.

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