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Hands-On Ethical Hacking and Network Defense

Learn how to perform a man-in-the-middle attack to extract passwords from HTTPS sessions. Understand how HTTPS works, the components involved, and the limitations of this attack.

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Hands-On Ethical Hacking and Network Defense

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  1. Hands-On Ethical Hacking and Network Defense Lecture 15 Man in the Middle Attack to get Passwords from HTTPS Sessions

  2. How HTTPS Works

  3. HTTP v. HTTPS • HTTP doesn't encrypt data at all • You can sniff traffic with Wireshark, ettercap, etc. • Completely insecure • HTTPS uses public-key encryption to secure data • Much safer, but it can still be cracked to some extent by a man-in-the-middle attack

  4. Components of HTTPS • When you use a secure session (HTTPS), these protocols work together: • Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) • Domain Name System (DNS) • Secure Sockets Layers (SSL)

  5. ARP Request and Reply • Client wants to find Gateway • ARP Request: Who has 192.168.2.1? • ARP Reply: • MAC: 00-30-bd-02-ed-7b has 192.168.2.1 ARP Request ARP Reply Client Gateway Gmail.com

  6. DemonstrationSniffing ARP with Wireshark • Start Wireshark capturing packets • Clear the ARP cache • arp –d * • Ping the default gateway

  7. DNS Query and Response • Client wants to find Gmail.com • DNS Query: Where is Gmail.com? • DNS Response: • Gmail.com is at 64.233.171.83 DNS Query DNS Response Client Gateway Gmail.com

  8. DemonstrationSniffing DNS with Wireshark • Start Wireshark capturing packets • Clear the DNS cache • ipconfig /flushdns • Ping Gmail.com

  9. SSL Handshake • SSL handshake has three stages: • Hellos • Certificate, Key Exchange, and Authentication • "Change cipher spec" – handshake finished • The Gateway just forwards all this traffic to the Web server Hellos Cert, Key Exch & Auth Chg Ciph Spec Gmail.com Client Gateway

  10. DemonstrationSniffing SSL Handshake with Wireshark • Start Wireshark capturing packets • Open a browser and go to yahoo.com • Click the My Mail button

  11. Open a Socket to Port 443 • This is the usual SYN, SYN/ACK, SYN TCP handshake • Port 443 is used for HTTPS

  12. Hellos • Client Hello • Server sends Hello • This exchange is used to agree on a protocol version and encryption method

  13. Certificate, Key Exchange, and Authentication • Server sends Certificate • Client sends Public Key • Client Authenticates Certificate with Certificate Authority (not visible)

  14. Change Cipher Spec • Server sends "Change Cipher Spec" • Client sends "Change Cipher Spec" • SSL Handshake is done, now client can send encrypted Application Data

  15. Summary of HTTPS Process • SSL handshake has three stages: • Hellos • Certificate, Key Exchange, and Authentication • "Change cipher spec" – handshake finished ARP DNS SSL/TLS Client Gateway Gmail.com

  16. Man-in-the-Middle Attack

  17. Summary of Attack Hacker • Hacker intercepts traffic • Must defeat ARP, DNS, and SSL ARP DNS Forwarded SSH Client Gateway Gmail.com

  18. ARP Cache Poisoning • The Linux utility 'arpspoof' sends a constant series of ARP REPLIES • This diverts Ethernet traffic to the hacker • Part of the 'dsniff' package

  19. DNS Spoofing • The Linux utility 'dnspoof' listens for DNS queries • Sends DNS responses sending Web server data to the hacker • Part of the 'dsniff' package

  20. IP Routing • 'fragrouter' can forward packets to their correct destination • That allows normal Web surfing (HTTP) • Part of the 'dsniff' package • This could also be done with 'iptables'

  21. SSL Spoofing • 'webmitm' creates a Certificate and intercepts SSL handshakes • Part of the 'dsniff' package

  22. Limitations of the Attack • The SSL spoofing is not perfect • You can't actually log in and read email • Internet Explorer sends your password to the hacker before giving up on the connection • Firefox doesn't send your password to the hacker

  23. Sources • Hacking videos from link l_15b • How to decrypt SSL encrypted traffic using a man in the middle attack (Auditor).swf • MITM Hijacking.wmv • SSL Handshake information from l_15a (cs.bham.ac.uk)

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