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Political Philosophers Chart

Political Philosophers Chart. Key Terms. State of Nature Two Treatises of Government 1689-Locke Natural Rights Social Contract Leviathan 1651-Hobbes Monarchy The Social Contract 1762-Rousseau The Spirit of the Laws 1748-Montesquieu Separation of Powers Checks and Balances.

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Political Philosophers Chart

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  1. Political Philosophers Chart

  2. Key Terms • State of Nature • Two Treatises of Government 1689-Locke • Natural Rights • Social Contract • Leviathan 1651-Hobbes • Monarchy • The Social Contract 1762-Rousseau • The Spirit of the Laws 1748-Montesquieu • Separation of Powers • Checks and Balances

  3. John Locke • State of Nature -before government • No one could be subjected to the political power of another without his own consent “Social Contract”- Government was only legitimate as long as the people continue to consent to it • Two Treatises of Government 1689 • All persons are born free, equal, and independent • All persons have natural rights to life, liberty, and property • The primary purpose of government is to protect those rights

  4. Thomas Hobbes • Social Contract • State of Nature -differed from Locke, argued the situation led to chaos and violence because the weak can’t protect themselves against the strong, there were no natural rights, Life in the state of nature was “nasty, brutish, and short” • Create a powerful government to gain security and safety. In exchange, give up freedom to do as they chose in a state of nature • Owed complete loyalty to the government that protected them, would end conflicts found in a state of nature, only then could they enjoy the right to life, liberty, and property

  5. Leviathan 1651- Hobbes • Landmark political study • Contributed to the growing idea that government was based on a negotiated agreement between rulers and ruled rather than raw force and power

  6. Rousseau • Social Contract • Believed people had once lived in a state of nature and freedom • Many people had come under the control of unjust rulers who ruled at the expense of their citizens’ personal freedom • People alone had the right to determine how they should be governed • The main duty of government should be to maintain as much freedom as possible in a civilized society by people having a say *voting • People agree to submit to the will of the majority

  7. The Social Contract 1762-Rousseau “Man is born free, yet everywhere he is found in chains.”

  8. Montesquieu • The Spirit of the Laws 1748 • Called for three separate branches of government with different dutied with the ability to act as a check on each others’ power • Separation of Powers & Checks and Balances

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