Chapter 22: The Spread of Islam Section One - Islam Teams – Games – Tournament ANSWERS Bedouins

1. Chapter 22: The Spread of Islam Section One - Islam • Teams – Games – Tournament • ANSWERS • Bedouins • The act of submitting • Muhammad • “The God” of the followers of Islam • Makkah or Mecca • Pilgrims • Arabia’s holiest shrine • The rich leaders were afraid pilgrims would stop coming to Makkah because of his preaching. • 622, Anno Hijrah, Year of the Migration • Formerly known as Yathrib, The City of the Prophet • The Quran • Muslims believe it is the direct word of God. • It tells how good Muslims should live. They should not eat pork, drink liquor or gamble. It offers advice on marriage, divorce, inheritance and business. • They are the five duties all Muslims must fulfill. • Confession of Faith – The creed is “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his Prophet.” • 5 – dawn, non, late afternoon, sunset and evening • Mosque • 2.5 % of his or her annual savings • During the holy month of Ramadan • It is the journey to Makkah that all Muslims must take once in his or her life.

2. Chapter 22: The Spread of Islam Section Two – The Arab Empire • Teams – Games – Tournament • ANSWERS • Caliph, which means successor • They asked advice from their most trusted friends. • Palestine, Syria, Iraq, Persia, Egypt and North Africa • They were united by a common goal. It helped save them an eternal place in Paradise after death. They were mentally and physically tough. They handled their camels and horses with great skill. • Those who gave in without a fight had to pay taxes but were protected and allowed to keep their land. Those who fought paid taxes and lost their land. • Damascus • They reorganized the government. They made Arabic the official language. They minted the first Arabic money. They set up postal routes. They built irrigation canals and mosques, and encouraged the arts. • People who became Muslims complained they were not treated the same as those who were born Muslims. • Shi’ites – believed the caliph should be a descendant of Ali; Sunnites - followed the Rightly Guided Caliphs. • Abbasids • Golden Age of Islam • He stood between the throne and the people. He took charge of running the empire and chose the governors of the provinces. • It was one of the major trading centers of the world. • The world’s store of knowledge was advanced greatly. Mathematics and scientific achievements were recorded. Farming techniques improved and trade made many Arabs rich. • Chess and polo • Muslim Arabs who conquered North Africa and intermarried with the Berbers • Beautiful buildings like the Alhambra were built throughout the country. • Women were entitled to half their husband’s wealth and could inherit property. • The man had to be able to afford and deal fairly with more than one wife. • Reciting and memorizing the Quran

3. Chapter 22: The Spread of Islam Section Three – Arab Contributions • Teams – Games – Tournament • ANSWERS • It helped unite scholars and promote the sharing of knowledge. • Scientists who tried to change base metals such as tin, iron and lead into gold and silver. • The practice of making experiments and keeping records of results • Chemistry • They gave many stars the names they still carry today. • They proved that the moon affects the tides. • They determined the size of the Earth and the distance ` around it. • He drew the first accurate map of the world. • Algebra • They borrowed the numerals 0 – 9 from Gupta mathematicians. • Doctors had to pass a test to practice medicine. They set up the world’s first school of pharmacy and opened drug stores. Clinics traveled throughout the empire giving medical care to the sick. • Tuberculosis is contagious and could be passed from person to person. • Blood circulates throughout the body. • It was an encyclopedia of medicine used in European medical schools for 500 years. • The Arabian Nights • It is made up of geometric designs intertwined with flowers, leaves and stars because they thought it was a sin to make pictures of Allah’s creatures. • His historical writings were the first to take into account the influence of geography and climate on people.